@prefix : <https://www.w3id.org/sco#> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix sco: <https://www.w3id.org/sco#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix sco-b: <https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-b#> .
@prefix terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix oboInOwl: <http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#> .
@prefix AnnotationVocabulary: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/> .
@prefix CommonCoreOntologies: <http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/> .
@base <https://www.w3id.org/sco#> .

<https://www.w3id.org/sco> rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
                            owl:versionIRI <https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-b#v1.1.0/sco-b> ;
                            owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
                            terms:creator "Giorgio A. Ubbiali" ;
                            terms:description """SCO V1.1.0 aligns with two Top-Level Ontologies (TLOs), Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO). SCO V1.1.0 is comprised of two segments: SCO-B (B for BFO) and SCO-U (U for UFO). SCO-B aligns the SCO vocabulary with BFO (as SCO V1.0.0). SCO-U aligns the SCO vocabulary with gUFO (UFO implementation in the Web Ontology Language (OWL)). This file provides SCO-B segment.

References – TLOs:  
https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020 
https://ontouml.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro/ufo.html 
https://nemo-ufes.github.io/gufo/"""@en-au ,
                                              """SCO is a middle-level ontology, representing the major theoretical challenges to sustainability:
1) The polysemy of the term sustainability.
2) The relationship between sustainability and sustainable development.
3) The complexity underlying sustainability.
SCO aims to play a pivotal role in harmonizing and integrating top-level and domain ontologies regarding sustainability."""@en ;
                            terms:license "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" ;
                            terms:title "L'ontologia fondazionale della sostenibilità"@it ,
                                        "L'ontologie fondationnelle de la durabilité"@fr ,
                                        "Sustainability Core Ontology (SCO)"@en ;
                            rdfs:seeAlso "Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr" ,
                                         """https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u
https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u-b-mapping""" ;
                            owl:priorVersion """SCO V1.0.1. constitutes the prior version of this resources.
SCO V1.0.1. is available on GitHub at the following link: https://github.com/gioUbbiali/Sustainability-Core-Ontology/releases/tag/v1.0.1-revisions"""@en ;
                            owl:versionInfo "2025-03-19"@en ,
                                            "Version 1.1.0. ; segment B."@en ;
                            skos:note "Currently, this resource includes labels and definitions in the following three natural languages: English, Italian, and French. In the next version of this resource, the creator intends to also encompass Italian and French translations of the remaining pieces of information as well as to cover other natural languages."@en ,
                                      """Repository: https://github.com/gioUbbiali/Sustainability-Core-Ontology 
Documentation webpage: https://www.w3id.org/sco/docs"""@en ,
                                      "The current version of SCO does not cover classes and object properties accounting for systems granularity, scales, and levels. A deeper representation of system change and behaviors is equally required. These themes will be topics of inclusion in the next version of this resource."@en ,
                                      "The current version of this resource does not include semi-formal natural language definitions or First Order Logics definitions. In the next version of this resource, the creator intends to also include them."@en ,
                                      "The most recent version of this file is available on GitHub at the following link: https://www.w3id.org/sco"@en .

#################################################################
#    Annotation properties
#################################################################

###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000111
bfo:IAO_0000111 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                bfo:IAO_0000111 "editor preferred term"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000122 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Daniel Schober"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>"@en ;
                rdfs:label "editor preferred term"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000112
bfo:IAO_0000112 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                bfo:IAO_0000111 "example of usage"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000122 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Daniel Schober"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>"@en ;
                rdfs:label "example of usage"@en ,
                           "example of usage" .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000114
bfo:IAO_0000114 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                bfo:IAO_0000111 "has curation status"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg"@en ,
                                "PERSON:Bill Bug"@en ,
                                "PERSON:Melanie Courtot"@en ;
                rdfs:label "has curation status"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000115
bfo:IAO_0000115 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                bfo:IAO_0000111 "definition"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000122 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions."@en ,
                                "The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 """2012-04-05: 
Barry Smith

The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions'  is terrible.

Can you fix to something like:

A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property.

Alan Ruttenberg

Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. 

On the specifics of the proposed definition:

We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. 

Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. 

We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.  """@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Daniel Schober"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>"@en ;
                rdfs:isDefinedBy bfo:iao.owl ;
                rdfs:label "definition"@en ,
                           "definition" ,
                           "textual definition" .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116
bfo:IAO_0000116 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                bfo:IAO_0000111 "editor note"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000122 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Daniel Schober"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi>"@en ;
                rdfs:label "editor note"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000117
bfo:IAO_0000117 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                bfo:IAO_0000111 "term editor"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000122 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Daniel Schober"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>"@en ;
                rdfs:label "term editor"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000118
bfo:IAO_0000118 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                bfo:IAO_0000111 "alternative label"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Daniel Schober"@en ,
                                "OBO Operations committee" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>"@en ;
                rdfs:comment "Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related)." ;
                rdfs:label "alternative label"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119
bfo:IAO_0000119 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                bfo:IAO_0000111 "definition source"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000122 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Daniel Schober"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w"@en ,
                                "GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>"@en ;
                rdfs:label "definition source"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000232
bfo:IAO_0000232 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                bfo:IAO_0000111 "curator note"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000122 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                rdfs:isDefinedBy bfo:iao.owl ;
                rdfs:label "curator note"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000233
bfo:IAO_0000233 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                bfo:IAO_0000111 "term tracker item"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 "the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                rdfs:comment "The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term."@en ;
                rdfs:label "term tracker item"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000424
bfo:IAO_0000424 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                bfo:IAO_0000111 "expand expression to"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 """ObjectProperty: RO_0002104
Label: has plasma membrane part
Annotations: IAO_0000424 \"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)\"
"""@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property)  which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Chris Mungall"@en ;
                rdfs:label "expand expression to"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000600
bfo:IAO_0000600 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                bfo:IAO_0000111 "elucidation"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "Person:Barry Smith"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000600 "Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms"@en ;
                rdfs:label "elucidation"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001900
bfo:RO_0001900 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context." ;
               rdfs:label "temporal interpretation" ;
               rdfs:seeAlso <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/> ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0002422 .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002416
bfo:RO_0002416 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "An assertion that involves at least one OWL object that is intended to be expanded into one or more logical axioms. The logical expansion can yield axioms expressed using any formal logical system, including, but not limited to OWL2-DL." ;
               rdfs:label "logical macro assertion"@en ;
               rdfs:seeAlso "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/shortcut-relations/"^^xsd:anyURI .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002421
bfo:RO_0002421 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a property" ;
               rdfs:label "logical macro assertion on a property"@en ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0002416 .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002422
bfo:RO_0002422 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Used to annotate object properties to describe a logical meta-property or characteristic of the object property." ;
               rdfs:label "logical macro assertion on an object property"@en ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0002421 .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor
terms:contributor rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                  rdfs:isDefinedBy terms:contributor ;
                  rdfs:label "contributor"@en-us ;
                  skos:definition "entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"@en-us .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
terms:creator rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
              rdfs:isDefinedBy terms:creator ;
              rdfs:label "creator"@en-us ;
              skos:definition "entity responsible for making the resource"@en-us ;
              rdfs:subPropertyOf terms:contributor .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/source
terms:source rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
             rdfs:isDefinedBy terms:source ;
             rdfs:label "source"@en-us ;
             skos:definition "related resource from which the described resource is derived"@en-us ;
             AnnotationVocabulary:explanatoryNote """The intent is to provide a user with a reference as to how the thing being annotated was derived or arrived at. 
 - The source can be a URL to a standard, common dictionary (e.g. Oxford), or similar reference. Or it can be a short description of where the entity being annotated was derived from.
 - The 'Source' annotation would most likely be used as an annotation on an annotation. For instance annotating a Natural Language definition annotation."""@en-us .


###  http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#editor_note
oboInOwl:editor_note rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasBroadSynonym
oboInOwl:hasBroadSynonym rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                         bfo:IAO_0000115 "An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label." ;
                         bfo:IAO_0000117 <http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432> ;
                         bfo:IAO_0000233 "https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18" ;
                         rdfs:label "has broad synonym"@en ,
                                    "has_broad_synonym" ;
                         rdfs:seeAlso "https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18" ;
                         rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:IAO_0000118 .


###  http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref
oboInOwl:hasDbXref rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDefinition
oboInOwl:hasDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym
oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                         bfo:IAO_0000115 "An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label." ;
                         bfo:IAO_0000117 <http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432> ;
                         bfo:IAO_0000233 "https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20" ;
                         rdfs:label "has exact synonym"@en ,
                                    "has_exact_synonym" ;
                         rdfs:seeAlso "https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20" ;
                         rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:IAO_0000118 .


###  http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasNarrowSynonym
oboInOwl:hasNarrowSynonym rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                          bfo:IAO_0000115 "An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label." ;
                          bfo:IAO_0000117 <http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432> ;
                          bfo:IAO_0000233 "https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19" ;
                          rdfs:label "has narrow synonym"@en ,
                                     "has_narrow_synonym" ;
                          rdfs:seeAlso "https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19" ;
                          rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:IAO_0000118 .


###  http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasRelatedSynonym
oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                           bfo:IAO_0000115 "An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct." ;
                           bfo:IAO_0000117 <http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432> ;
                           bfo:IAO_0000233 "https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21" ;
                           rdfs:label "has related synonym"@en ,
                                      "has_related_synonym" ;
                           rdfs:seeAlso "https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21" ;
                           rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:IAO_0000118 .


###  http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#inSubset
oboInOwl:inSubset rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/alternative_label
CommonCoreOntologies:alternative_label rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/definition
CommonCoreOntologies:definition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/definition_source
CommonCoreOntologies:definition_source rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/elucidation
CommonCoreOntologies:elucidation rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/example_of_usage
CommonCoreOntologies:example_of_usage rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/is_curated_in_ontology
CommonCoreOntologies:is_curated_in_ontology rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note
skos:note rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/adaptedFrom
AnnotationVocabulary:adaptedFrom rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                 rdfs:isDefinedBy AnnotationVocabulary: ;
                                 rdfs:label "adapted from"@en-us ;
                                 skos:definition "source for the resource that was modified to create the subject resource"@en-us ;
                                 rdfs:subPropertyOf terms:source .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/directSource
AnnotationVocabulary:directSource rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                  rdfs:isDefinedBy AnnotationVocabulary: ;
                                  rdfs:label "direct source"@en-us ;
                                  skos:definition "definitive source of the subject resource"@en-us ;
                                  rdfs:subPropertyOf terms:source .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/excerptedFrom
AnnotationVocabulary:excerptedFrom rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                   rdfs:isDefinedBy AnnotationVocabulary: ;
                                   rdfs:label "excerpted from"@en-us ;
                                   skos:definition "source of a resource that was imported unmodified from an external ontology" ;
                                   AnnotationVocabulary:usageNote "This annotation is to be used when an element from a non-IOF ontology is used in an IOF ontology (and the source ontology is not imported in its entirety)."@en-us ;
                                   rdfs:subPropertyOf terms:source .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/explanatoryNote
AnnotationVocabulary:explanatoryNote rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                     rdfs:label "explanatory note"@en-us ;
                                     skos:definition "note that provides additional explanatory information about a given notion or resource"@en-us ;
                                     rdfs:subPropertyOf skos:note .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/firstOrderLogicAxiom
AnnotationVocabulary:firstOrderLogicAxiom rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                          rdfs:label "first-order logic axiom"@en-us ;
                                          skos:definition "logic axiom annotation written in first order logic"@en-us ;
                                          AnnotationVocabulary:usageNote "First-order logic axioms MAY be provided if the term is primitive ('is primitive' is true ) or non-primitive. A construct MAY include more than one first-order logic axiom annotation."@en-us ;
                                          rdfs:subPropertyOf AnnotationVocabulary:logicAxiom .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/firstOrderLogicDefinition
AnnotationVocabulary:firstOrderLogicDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                               rdfs:label "first order logic definition"@en-us ;
                                               skos:definition "logic definition that expresses the axioms of a class or an object property in first order logic" ;
                                               skos:example """An example of a First Order Logic definition for 'Product' might be (again bearing in mind the natural language terms appearing should be regarded as symbols in the IOF signature):
 - Continuant(x) ∧ ¬(SpecificallyDependentContinuant(x) ∨ Person(x) ∨ Organization(x)) ∧ ∃r (ProductRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x, r))"""@en-us ;
                                               AnnotationVocabulary:usageNote """The First Order Logic Definition annotation is comprised of the (complete) necessary and sufficient conditions.
 - This annotation is Required for each non-primitive (aka non-axiomatic) class (i.e. unary relation) of a published IOF OWL ontology. This is the most authoritative and comprehensive definition of an IOF element. 
 - IOF Common Logic ontologies do not require this annotation, but if included it must be logically equivalent to the Common Logic definition.
 - A primitive (aka axiomatic) term will not have a First Order Logic definition in either an OWL or Common Logic IOF ontology.
 - There should be at most one First Order Logic definition.
 - The specific symbols to be used for existential and universal quantification along with those for conjunction, disjunction, negation, conditional (i.e. if-then), and equivalence will be those commonly used in the mathematical formulas and statement.
 - Conjunction - ∧; Disjunction - ∨; Negation - ¬; Existential Quantification - ∃; Universal Quantification - ∀; Conditional - →; Equivalence - ↔; Left/Right Parentheses - (,); Left/Right Brackets - {,}."""@en-us ;
                                               rdfs:subPropertyOf AnnotationVocabulary:logicDefinition .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/isPrimitive
AnnotationVocabulary:isPrimitive rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                 rdfs:label "is primitive"@en-us ;
                                 skos:definition "boolean flag indicating that necessary and sufficient conditions are not provided"@en-us ;
                                 AnnotationVocabulary:usageNote "'is primitive' must be present if the term does not have necessary and sufficient conditions and the value of the annotation must be set to true. When 'is primitive' is set to true, a value for a 'primitive rationale' annotation must also be provided."@en-us .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/logicAxiom
AnnotationVocabulary:logicAxiom rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                rdfs:label "logic axiom"@en-us ;
                                skos:definition "logical statements constraining the interpretation of the notion represented by the construct that do not provide necessary and sufficient conditions"@en-us ;
                                AnnotationVocabulary:explanatoryNote "This annotation property is an abstraction of the more specialized logic axiom annotations used in IOF. However, this annotation property can also be used to group together the logic axiom annotation values of different forms (such as FOL and natural language) that express the same meaning for a particular construct."@en-us ;
                                AnnotationVocabulary:usageNote "A first order logic axiom expression and a semi-formal natural language axiom expression should be added as Property values for each logic axiom annotation using 1 of each of the corresponding logic axiom annotation subproperties."@en-us ;
                                rdfs:subPropertyOf skos:note .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/logicDefinition
AnnotationVocabulary:logicDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                     rdfs:label "logic definition"@en-us ;
                                     skos:definition "definition in the form of a logical expression"@en-us ;
                                     rdfs:subPropertyOf skos:definition .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/maturity
AnnotationVocabulary:maturity rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                              rdfs:label "maturity"@en-us ;
                              skos:definition "annotation property used to indicate the development status of a resource"@en-us ;
                              AnnotationVocabulary:usageNote "Any value for maturity MUST be an instance of MaturityLevel. All IOF ontologies MUST include exactly one maturity annotation. IOF constructs may include a maturity annotation."@en-us .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/naturalLanguageDefinition
AnnotationVocabulary:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                               rdfs:label "natural language definition"@en-us ;
                                               skos:definition "definition written in plain text for human understanding"@en-us ;
                                               AnnotationVocabulary:usageNote """This annotation is Required for each non-primitive or non-axiomatic class of an IOF (OWL or Common Logic) ontology. 
 - It is optional for primitive (aka axiomatic) classes since such the Elucidation annotation is required and will satisfy the role of a natural language definition.
 - It is optional, but recommended, for relations when the intent of a relation may be misunderstood.
 - There should be at most one.
 - This natural language definition should be subject matter expert friendly and consistent with any formal definition or elucidation.
 - Natural language definitions should use class and relation names with following caveats:
 a) Relations – For those relations whose label (i.e. local identifier) consist of multiple terms hyphenate the terms of the label: e.g. 'hasPlan' would be written as 'has-plan'
 b) Classes – For classes whose label has multiple distinct terms, e.g, ManufacturingOperationSpecification, separate the terms but bound them with apostrophe marks: 'Manufacturing Operation Specification'."""@en-us ;
                                               rdfs:subPropertyOf skos:definition .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/primitiveRationale
AnnotationVocabulary:primitiveRationale rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                        rdfs:label "primitive rationale"@en-us ;
                                        skos:definition "reason why necessary and sufficient conditions could not be provided"@en-us ;
                                        AnnotationVocabulary:usageNote "When 'is primitive' is set to true, a value for 'primitive rationale' must be provided. The rationale should indicate what is missing if additional work is required to define necessary and sufficient conditions."@en-us ;
                                        rdfs:subPropertyOf skos:note .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom
AnnotationVocabulary:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                                    rdfs:label "semi-formal natural language axiom"@en-us ;
                                                    skos:definition "logic axiom expressed in natural language"@en-us ;
                                                    AnnotationVocabulary:usageNote "Semi-formal natural language axioms MAY be provided if the term is primitive (is primitive is true). A construct MAY include more than one semi-formal natural language axiom annotation."@en-us ;
                                                    rdfs:subPropertyOf AnnotationVocabulary:logicAxiom .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/semiFormalNaturalLanguageDefinition
AnnotationVocabulary:semiFormalNaturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                                         rdfs:label "semi-formal natural language definition"@en-us ;
                                                         skos:definition "logic definition that expresses a first order logic definition or common logic definition in natural language" ;
                                                         AnnotationVocabulary:usageNote """This annotation is required if an element in an IOF OWL ontology has a First Order Logic definition or in a IOF Common Logic (where the element is defined using Common Logic).
 - The intent of this annotation to provide a transition or bridge from the First Order Logic definition of a notion to the natural language definition. This definition is intended to help a user understand the intended interpretation of the notion.
 - As example using the First Order Logic definition of 'Product' above, a semi-formal translation of that might be: 
 - Product =def. Continuant that is not a Person and not an Organization and not a Specifically Dependent Continuant and there is a Product Role that the thing has or bears."""@en-us ;
                                                         rdfs:subPropertyOf AnnotationVocabulary:logicDefinition .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/subjectMatterExpertExplanation
AnnotationVocabulary:subjectMatterExpertExplanation rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                                                    rdfs:label "subject matter expert explanation" ;
                                                    skos:definition "definition of the term expressed in natural language that has the minimal usage of ontological terms and is intended to be a self-standing explanation" ;
                                                    AnnotationVocabulary:usageNote """Usage of this annotation is optional but is recommended in cases where:
- the natural language definition or elucidation rely heavily on the terms defined in the ontology
- there exists an explanation of the term that is more familiar to SMEs that does not coincide with the definition present in the ontology""" ;
                                                    rdfs:subPropertyOf skos:definition .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/usageNote
AnnotationVocabulary:usageNote rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                               rdfs:label "usage note"@en-us ;
                               skos:definition "note that provides information about how a given notion or resource is used in the ontology's context"@en-us ;
                               rdfs:subPropertyOf skos:note .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000039
sco:SCO_0000039 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
                rdfs:comment """We envisage using this annotation property to highlight (indirectly)  the grounding of certain entities on perspectives and characterize them according to the embraced perspective(s).

Here, it is provided an explicative example.

Let’s consider that two users, A and B, endorse two different perspectives on sustainability, perspective A and perspective B. These perspectives lead to considering different complex system components as stakeholders of the complex system of interest. 
(This is an explicative example. It could also be the case that there is just one single user who wants to characterize the same entity according to two perspectives on sustainability, or who wants to provide an additional characterization according to a different perspective than the one previously covered.)

We suggest proceeding as follows. 
First, the class “perspective” can be instantiated with two “perspective” individuals, “perspective A” and “perspective B”. These “perspective” individuals will provide descriptions and other relevant information regarding users’ perspectives. Then, two subclasses, “stakeholder – A” and “stakeholder – B”, can be added to the class “stakeholder”. These classes could be created manually and further populated with further subclasses and/or individuals. Alternatively, they can be created by adding SPARQL query results to the ontology, directly as classes or as classes equivalent to some new classes manually created. Subclasses “stakeholder – A” and “stakeholder – B” will cover stakeholders according to the two different user perspectives. Finally, this annotation property can be used to annotate these two subclasses with the corresponding individual “perspective A” and “perspective B”. In proceeding as such, we can highlight the grounding of the role of stakeholder (entity) on perspective (entity) and provide stakeholder characterizations according to the two user perspectives. 
 
This procedure supports establishing indirectly the grounding of certain entities on perspectives. This procedure, however, ensures the possibility to also account for different characterizations of the same entity according to different perspectives, thereby assisting in clarifying and comparing those perspectives.  Further, as a user may change perspective over time, this procedure can be performed whenever the perspective changes. New classes, covering time references, can be created and annotated with new perspectives. This will also assist in tracking users’ perspectives evolution over time. We contemplate the possible creation of an object property to directly model grounding on perspectives as part of future implementations of SCO.""" ;
                rdfs:label "according to the perspective"@en ,
                           "secondo la prospettiva"@it ,
                           "selon la perspective"@fr ;
                rdfs:range <https://www.w3id.org/sco#sco.owl/SCO_0000016> .


#################################################################
#    Object Properties
#################################################################

###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000052
bfo:RO_0000052 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0002314 ;
               owl:inverseOf bfo:RO_0000053 ;
               rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty ;
               bfo:IAO_0000111 "inheres in"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000112 "this fragility is a characteristic of this vase"@en ,
                               "this red color is a characteristic of this apple"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "inheres_in"@en ;
               rdfs:comment "Note that this relation was previously called \"inheres in\", but was changed to be called \"characteristic of\" because BFO2 uses \"inheres in\" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing." ;
               rdfs:label "characteristic of"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000053
bfo:RO_0000053 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
                        owl:InverseFunctionalProperty ;
               rdfs:range bfo:BFO_0000020 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000111 "bearer of"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000112 "this apple is bearer of this red color"@en ,
                               "this vase is bearer of this fragility"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Inverse of characteristic_of"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "bearer_of"@en ,
                               "is bearer of"@en ;
               rdfs:label "has characteristic"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000079
bfo:RO_0000079 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0000052 ;
               owl:inverseOf bfo:RO_0000085 ;
               rdfs:domain bfo:BFO_0000034 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000112 "this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "function_of"@en ,
                               "is function of"@en ;
               rdfs:comment "This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020." ;
               rdfs:label "function of"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000080
bfo:RO_0000080 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0000052 ;
               owl:inverseOf bfo:RO_0000086 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000112 "this red color is a quality of this apple"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "is quality of"@en ,
                               "quality_of"@en ;
               rdfs:comment "This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020." ;
               rdfs:label "quality of"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000081
bfo:RO_0000081 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0000052 ;
               owl:inverseOf bfo:RO_0000087 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000112 "this investigator role is a role of this person"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "is role of"@en ,
                               "role_of"@en ;
               rdfs:comment "This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020." ;
               rdfs:label "role of"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000085
bfo:RO_0000085 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0000053 ;
               rdfs:domain bfo:BFO_0000004 ;
               rdfs:range bfo:BFO_0000034 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000112 "this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has_function"@en ;
               rdfs:label "has function"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000086
bfo:RO_0000086 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0000053 ;
               rdfs:range bfo:BFO_0000019 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000112 "this apple has quality this red color"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has_quality"@en ;
               rdfs:label "has quality"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000087
bfo:RO_0000087 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0000053 ;
               rdfs:domain bfo:BFO_0000004 ;
               rdfs:range bfo:BFO_0000023 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000112 "this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has_role"@en ;
               rdfs:label "has role"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000091
bfo:RO_0000091 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0000053 ;
               owl:inverseOf bfo:RO_0000092 ;
               rdfs:domain bfo:BFO_0000004 ;
               rdfs:range bfo:BFO_0000016 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ;
               rdfs:label "has disposition"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000092
bfo:RO_0000092 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0000052 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of has disposition" ;
               oboInOwl:inSubset bfo:RO_0002259 ;
               rdfs:comment "This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020." ;
               rdfs:label "disposition of"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002163
bfo:RO_0002163 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0002323 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. "@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293552> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000232 "Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000424 "BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)" ;
               bfo:RO_0001900 bfo:RO_0001901 ;
               oboInOwl:inSubset <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/subsets#ro-eco> ;
               rdfs:label "spatially disjoint from" ;
               rdfs:seeAlso "https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern"^^xsd:anyURI .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002314
bfo:RO_0002314 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:RO_0002502 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "inheres in part of" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064205> ;
               rdfs:label "characteristic of part of"@en ;
               rdfs:seeAlso <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/reflexivity/> .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002323
bfo:RO_0002323 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A mereological relationship or a topological relationship" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000232 "Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships" ;
               bfo:RO_0001900 bfo:RO_0001901 ;
               rdfs:label "mereotopologically related to"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002502
bfo:RO_0002502 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               rdfs:label "depends on" ;
               rdfs:seeAlso bfo:BFO_0000169 .


###  http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/is_about
CommonCoreOntologies:is_about rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                              owl:inverseOf CommonCoreOntologies:is_subject_of ;
                              rdfs:domain CommonCoreOntologies:InformationContentEntity ;
                              rdfs:range bfo:BFO_0000001 ;
                              CommonCoreOntologies:definition "A primitive relationship between an Information Content Entity and some Entity."@en ;
                              CommonCoreOntologies:definition_source "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000136" ;
                              CommonCoreOntologies:is_curated_in_ontology "http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology"^^xsd:anyURI ;
                              rdfs:label "is about"@en .


###  http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/is_subject_of
CommonCoreOntologies:is_subject_of rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                   rdfs:range CommonCoreOntologies:InformationContentEntity ;
                                   CommonCoreOntologies:definition "A primitive relationship between an instance of an Entity and an instance of an Information Content Entity."@en ;
                                   CommonCoreOntologies:is_curated_in_ontology "http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology"^^xsd:anyURI ;
                                   rdfs:label "is subject of"@en .


###  http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/represented_by
CommonCoreOntologies:represented_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                    rdfs:subPropertyOf CommonCoreOntologies:is_subject_of ;
                                    owl:inverseOf CommonCoreOntologies:represents ;
                                    rdfs:range CommonCoreOntologies:RepresentationalInformationContentEntity ;
                                    CommonCoreOntologies:definition "y represented_by x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity, and y is an instance of Entity, and z is carrier of x, such that x is about y in virtue of there existing an isomorphism between characteristics of z and y."@en ;
                                    CommonCoreOntologies:is_curated_in_ontology "http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology"^^xsd:anyURI ;
                                    rdfs:comment "See notes for inverse property." ;
                                    rdfs:label "represented by"@en .


###  http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/represents
CommonCoreOntologies:represents rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                rdfs:subPropertyOf CommonCoreOntologies:is_about ;
                                rdfs:domain CommonCoreOntologies:RepresentationalInformationContentEntity ;
                                CommonCoreOntologies:definition "x represents y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity, y is an instance of Entity, and z is carrier of x, such that x is about y in virtue of there existing an isomorphism between characteristics of z and y."@en ;
                                CommonCoreOntologies:elucidation "The relationship that is being defined here is that between the content of a photographic image and its object, between the content of a video and its objects and events, between the content of an audio recording and the sounds or events generating those sounds, or between the content of a written transcript and the verbal event that it transcribes."@en ;
                                CommonCoreOntologies:is_curated_in_ontology "http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology"^^xsd:anyURI ;
                                rdfs:comment "Isomorphism between the carrier of x and the represented entity can be via a direct similarity relation, e.g., grooves in a vinyl record corresponding to sound waves, or linguistic convention, e.g., a court stenographer's transcription of spoken words, as well as others, such as encoding processes for images."@en ;
                                rdfs:label "represents"@en ;
                                skos:scopeNote "Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be functional. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions."@en .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000037
sco:SCO_0000037 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:BFO_0000057 ;
                owl:inverseOf sco:SCO_0000038 ;
                rdfs:domain bfo:BFO_0000015 ;
                rdfs:range [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                             owl:unionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000020
                                           bfo:BFO_0000031
                                           [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000004
                                                                  [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                    owl:complementOf bfo:BFO_0000006
                                                                  ]
                                                                ) ;
                                             rdf:type owl:Class
                                           ]
                                         )
                           ] ;
                rdfs:comment """We envision revisions of the current SCO theory of agency. This is due to the limited power of explainability of present representation. A sounder and deeper interpretation of the causal role of an agent in an interaction, compared to other participants, is required.

Tentative proposal: a possible direction of implementation is towards a telic vision of agency intended as end-point driven. On this more fundamental neutral vision, a second layer of representation may be constructed to model intentionality, goals, and plans in relation to agency. Here, SCO may harmonize and align with UFO-C representation. 

For insight for discussion see: 
Guarino, N., & Guizzardi, G. (2024). Processes as variable embodiments. Synthese, 203(4), 104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-024-04505-2
Guizzardi, G., de Almeida Falbo, R., & Guizzardi, R. (2008). Grounding software domain ontologies in the unified foundational ontology (UFO): The case of the ODE. Memorias de la XI Conferencia Iberoamericana de Software Engineering (CIbSE 2008), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, February 13-17, 2008, 127–140."""@en ,
                             "Common Core Ontologies (CC) provide corresponding properties for this and the “agent at time t” relations. See “see also” annotation”. As these relations apply specifically to the CCO “Agent” class and lack reference to time, the SCO creator decided to establish SCO's own versions of these relations, directly referring to the original source. See “adapted from” annotation." ,
                             """Future implementations may involve the introduction of an “act within the system” class, to deepen the characterization of system agency. Insights to implementation may come from the following CCO classes:

http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Act 
http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/IntentionalAct 
http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Agent 
http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/AgentCapability 

The aim is to align SCO and CCO “agent” classes in order to have a shared theory of agency.""" ;
                rdfs:label "a un agent au temps t"@fr ,
                           "ha un agente al tempo t"@it ,
                           "has agent at time t"@en ;
                rdfs:seeAlso "comments to https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u#SCO_0000027 and https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u#SCO_0000029"@en ,
                             """http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/agent_in 
http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/has_agent""" ;
                skos:definition "A primitive relation between a process x, a continuant y, and a time at which y is causally active in x."@en ,
                                "Una relazione primitiva tra un processo x, un continuante y e un tempo t a cui y è causalmente attivo in x."@it ,
                                "Une relation primitive entre un processus x, un continuant y et un temps t auquel y est causalement actif en x."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:adaptedFrom "https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2005-6-5-r46" ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000038
sco:SCO_0000038 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                rdfs:subPropertyOf bfo:BFO_0000056 ;
                rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                              owl:unionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000020
                                            bfo:BFO_0000031
                                            [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000004
                                                                   [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                     owl:complementOf bfo:BFO_0000006
                                                                   ]
                                                                 ) ;
                                              rdf:type owl:Class
                                            ]
                                          )
                            ] ;
                rdfs:range bfo:BFO_0000015 ;
                rdfs:comment """We envision revisions of the current SCO theory of agency. This is due to the limited power of explainability of present representation. A sounder and deeper interpretation of the causal role of an agent in an interaction, compared to other participants, is required.

Tentative proposal: a possible direction of implementation is towards a telic vision of agency intended as end-point driven. On this more fundamental neutral vision, a second layer of representation may be constructed to model intentionality, goals, and plans in relation to agency. Here, SCO may harmonize and align with UFO-C representation. 

For insight for discussion see: 
Guarino, N., & Guizzardi, G. (2024). Processes as variable embodiments. Synthese, 203(4), 104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-024-04505-2
Guizzardi, G., de Almeida Falbo, R., & Guizzardi, R. (2008). Grounding software domain ontologies in the unified foundational ontology (UFO): The case of the ODE. Memorias de la XI Conferencia Iberoamericana de Software Engineering (CIbSE 2008), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, February 13-17, 2008, 127–140."""@en ;
                rdfs:label "agent en au temps t"@fr ,
                           "agent in at time t"@en ,
                           "agente in al tempo t"@it ;
                rdfs:seeAlso "comments to https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u#SCO_0000027 and https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u#SCO_0000029"@en ,
                             "See information under the inverse \"has agent at t\" property." ;
                skos:definition "A primitive relation between a continuant x, a process y, and a time at which x is causally active in y."@en ,
                                "Una relazione primitiva tra un continuante x, un processo y e un tempo t a cui x è causalmente attivo in y."@it ,
                                "Une relation primitive entre un continuant x, un processus y et un temps t auquel x est causalement actif en y."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional .


#################################################################
#    Classes
#################################################################

###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000004
bfo:BFO_0000004 bfo:IAO_0000115 "b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015
bfo:BFO_0000015 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000020
bfo:BFO_0000020 bfo:IAO_0000115 "b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023
bfo:BFO_0000023 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A realizable entity  the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant  in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant  in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts."@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000031
bfo:BFO_0000031 bfo:IAO_0000115 "b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])"@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040
bfo:BFO_0000040 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time."@en .


###  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002577
bfo:RO_0002577 rdf:type owl:Class ;
               rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000040 ,
                               [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                      [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                        owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000110 ;
                                                        owl:someValuesFrom bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                      ]
                                                    ) ;
                                 rdf:type owl:Class
                               ] ,
                               [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                      [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                        owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000110 ;
                                                        owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000013
                                                      ]
                                                    ) ;
                                 rdf:type owl:Class
                               ] ,
                               [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                      [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                        owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000111 ;
                                                        owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000024
                                                      ]
                                                    ) ;
                                 rdf:type owl:Class
                               ] ,
                               [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                      [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                        owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000166 ;
                                                        owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000002
                                                      ]
                                                    ) ;
                                 rdf:type owl:Class
                               ] ,
                               [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                      [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                        owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000185 ;
                                                        owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000011
                                                      ]
                                                      [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                        owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000185 ;
                                                        owl:allValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000011
                                                      ]
                                                    ) ;
                                 rdf:type owl:Class
                               ] ,
                               [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                      [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                        owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000211 ;
                                                        owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000025
                                                      ]
                                                    ) ;
                                 rdf:type owl:Class
                               ] ,
                               [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                      [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                        owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0002163 ;
                                                        owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000006
                                                      ]
                                                    ) ;
                                 rdf:type owl:Class
                               ] ;
               owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000006 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43" ;
               rdfs:comment """SCO cretor comment:
RO defines the class “system” as a subclass of the “material entity” class. Nevertheless, a system is a fiat object, e.g. an object that is “delimited” according to the perspective of the stakeholder (Landgrebe and Smith 2022, p. 117,118). System delimitation determines the boundaries of the systems, but the stakeholder, however, does not create the system through this delimitation process (Landgrebe and Smith 2022, p. 117,118). 
As this class is extensively reused among ontologies within the OBO-Foundry context, we maintain its current hierarchical position. However, we recommend a revision of this class. There are two possible strategies to consider: 1) to reclassify this class as a subclass of “fiat object part” one or 2) to create a dedicated “fiat object” class that will be a subclass of “material entity” and the superclass for the “system” one (and related subclasses). We leave the discussion open with the intention of engaging with subject matter experts, planning that these modifications may be included in the next release of this resource.
As the environment of a system corresponds to what has not been delimited as part of such a system, these considerations correspondingly also apply to the class “system environment” (at least regarding the system-system environment boundaries)."""@en ,
                            """SCO developer comment:
Despite minor differences, SCO representation of systems and related architecture and composition is compatible with that of the System Core Ontology (Calhau et al., 2024). The system Core Ontology centers on socio-techno systems, primarily pointing to an intention/goal-directed representation of these systems. SCO representation, instead, adopts a more neutral modeling approach for complex systems, seeking to account for a wider range of systems. SCO is also more compact than the system Core Ontology. This is, however, adequate for the current purposes of SCO. 

We envision employing the system Core Ontology as a starting point to extend SCO representation of system architecture, situations, properties, and functions. We also envision possible alignments and reciprocal implementations between these two ontologies.

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1

Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr"""@en ,
                            """SCO developer comment:
We envision discussions with subject matter experts regarding whether the current SCO representation of system-system component (and related environment) parthood is suitable or whether a proper parthood-based representation is more adequate. Insights for discussion may be found in Calhau et al. (2024) and Ubbiali et al. (2024).

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1

Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr"""@en ;
               rdfs:label "system" ;
               rdfs:seeAlso """SCO creator cited reference: 
Landgrebe, Jobst, and Barry Smith. 2022. Why Machines Will Never Rule the World: Artificial Intelligence without Fear. Taylor & Francis. 10.4324/9781003310105"""@en .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0002577 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ;
   owl:annotatedTarget """SCO developer comment:
We envision discussions with subject matter experts regarding whether the current SCO representation of system-system component (and related environment) parthood is suitable or whether a proper parthood-based representation is more adequate. Insights for discussion may be found in Calhau et al. (2024) and Ubbiali et al. (2024).

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1

Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr"""@en ;
   rdfs:seeAlso "See also comments to https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u#SCO_0000056"@en
 ] .


###  http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/InformationContentEntity
CommonCoreOntologies:InformationContentEntity rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                              owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000031
                                                                                         [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                                                           owl:onProperty CommonCoreOntologies:is_about ;
                                                                                           owl:someValuesFrom bfo:BFO_0000001
                                                                                         ]
                                                                                       ) ;
                                                                    rdf:type owl:Class
                                                                  ] ;
                                              rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000031 ;
                                              CommonCoreOntologies:alternative_label "ICE"@en ;
                                              CommonCoreOntologies:definition "A Generically Dependent Continuant that generically depends on some Information Bearing Entity and stands in relation of aboutness to some Entity."@en ;
                                              CommonCoreOntologies:definition_source "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030" ;
                                              CommonCoreOntologies:elucidation "Information Content Entity is here intended to be a class of Entities whose instances are the informational content of Information Bearing Entities. For example, three instances of information bearers -- such as a bar chart, color-coded map, and a written report -- each of which lists the GDP of Countries for the year 2010 are each different carriers of the same information content. It is this content that is generically dependent upon its carrier. This treatment of Informational Content Entity (cf. the Information Artifact Ontology) leads to a principle of subtyping based upon the relationship that ICE's have with the Entity they are about rather than characteristics such as format, language, measurement scale, or media. The latter are treated here as being Qualities of bearers."@en ;
                                              CommonCoreOntologies:is_curated_in_ontology "http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology"^^xsd:anyURI ;
                                              rdfs:comment """SCO developer comment:

Currently, SCO-B reuses the representation of information that belongs to IAO/CCO. Nevertheless, debates are ongoing on whether information may be better represented through a type-token relationship within a multi-level type hierarchy. See the paper cited at the end of the comment.

We envision discussions with subject matter experts from both BFO and UFO communities regarding this point.

Weigand, H. (2025). Generic Ontological Dependence⋆. https://www.utwente.nl/en/eemcs/vmbo2025/papers/vmbo-2025-paper-4-2.pdf"""@en ,
                                                           """SCO developer comment:
SCO-B does not currently cover a class for information bearing entity. We directly refer ICE subclasses to corresponding information bearing entities."""@en ;
                                              rdfs:label "Information Content Entity"@en .


###  http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/RepresentationalInformationContentEntity
CommonCoreOntologies:RepresentationalInformationContentEntity rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                              owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( CommonCoreOntologies:InformationContentEntity
                                                                                                         [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                                                                           owl:onProperty CommonCoreOntologies:represents ;
                                                                                                           owl:someValuesFrom bfo:BFO_0000001
                                                                                                         ]
                                                                                                       ) ;
                                                                                    rdf:type owl:Class
                                                                                  ] ;
                                                              rdfs:subClassOf CommonCoreOntologies:InformationContentEntity ;
                                                              owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000004 ,
                                                                               sco:SCO_0000005 ;
                                                              CommonCoreOntologies:definition "An Information Content Entity that represents some Entity."@en ;
                                                              CommonCoreOntologies:example_of_usage "the content of a court transcript represents a courtroom proceeding" ,
                                                                                                    "the content of a photograph of the Statue of Liberty represents the Statue of Liberty" ,
                                                                                                    "the content of a video of a sporting event represents that sporting event" ;
                                                              CommonCoreOntologies:is_curated_in_ontology "http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/InformationEntityOntology"^^xsd:anyURI ;
                                                              rdfs:label "Representational Information Content Entity"@en .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/MaturityLevel
AnnotationVocabulary:MaturityLevel rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                   rdfs:label "maturity level"@en-us ;
                                   skos:definition "classifier used to specify the state of a resource in its development process"@en-us .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000001
sco:SCO_0000001 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass _:genid56 ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000015 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000015
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000037 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000004
                                                                                                   [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                                                     owl:complementOf bfo:BFO_0000006
                                                                                                   ]
                                                                                                 ) ;
                                                                              rdf:type owl:Class
                                                                            ]
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000015
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000167 ;
                                                         owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                                         owl:onClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000004
                                                                                            [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                                              owl:complementOf bfo:BFO_0000006
                                                                                            ]
                                                                                          ) ;
                                                                       rdf:type owl:Class
                                                                     ]
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                rdfs:comment """In the original definition, INO developers define this class with respect to interactors involved in the interaction process. INO includes the classes “interactor” and “interactor role” (see SeeAlso note). Here, we generalize this definition, excluding reference to interactors. In the context of SCO, we aim to provide users with an upper-level class that generally points to the involvement of material entities in an interaction process mutually influencing each other. We suggest not using this class directly but, instead, extending SCO-provided subclasses as needed. We wish users to classify interactions according to whether they occur among system components, among system environment components, or between system and system environment components.
Original definition: “Interaction is a processual entity that has two or more participants (i.e., interactors) that have an effect upon one another.”"""@en ;
                rdfs:label "interaction"@en ,
                           "interaction"@fr ,
                           "interazione"@it ;
                rdfs:seeAlso """http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/INO_0000015 
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/INO_0000016""" ;
                skos:definition "A process that has at least two independent continuants (no spatial regions) as participants that have an effect upon one another."@en ,
                                "Un processo che ha almeno due continuanti indipendenti (no regioni spaziali) come partecipanti, aventi un effetto l’una sull’altra."@it ,
                                "Un processus qui a au moins deux continuants indépendants (pas de régions spatiales) comme participants, ayant un effet l’une sur l’autre."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:adaptedFrom "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/INO_0000002" ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .

_:genid56 rdf:type owl:Class ;
           owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000007
                         sco:SCO_0000008
                         sco:SCO_0000009
                       ) .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource sco:SCO_0000001 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty owl:equivalentClass ;
   owl:annotatedTarget _:genid56 ;
   rdfs:comment "This class has been restricted to those specific subclasses for the purposes of SCO."@en
 ] .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000002
sco:SCO_0000002 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000015 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000015
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000167 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom bfo:RO_0002577
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000011 ;
                rdfs:comment """SCO must extend its representation to (complex) system behaviors. A possible starting point may be the work of Calhau et al. (2023) and Calhau et al. (2024).

Calhau, R., Sales, T. P., Almeida, J. P. A., & Guizzardi, G. (2023). Exploring system behavior in a system ontology. Int Conf Concept Model.

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1"""@en ,
                             """This class aims to be the starting point for developing a representation of system change. Future SCO implementations will provide additional classes and object properties addressing system behaviors, system processes, system scales and levels, and related themes.

Related axioms must be revised accordingly.""" ;
                rdfs:label "développement de système"@fr ,
                           "sviluppo del sistema"@it ,
                           "system development"@en ;
                skos:definition "A process whose specific outcome is the progression of a system over time from an initial condition to a later condition."@en ,
                                "Un processo il cui specifico risultato è la progressione di un sistema nel tempo da una condizione iniziale a una condizione successiva."@it ,
                                "Un processus dont le résultat spécifique est la progression d’un système dans le temps, depuis une condition initiale à une condition suivante."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:adaptedFrom "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032502" ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000003
sco:SCO_0000003 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass _:genid81 ;
                rdfs:subClassOf CommonCoreOntologies:RepresentationalInformationContentEntity ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( CommonCoreOntologies:RepresentationalInformationContentEntity
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000084 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000035
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "indicator information" ;
                rdfs:label "il valore dell'indicatore"@it ,
                           "indicator value"@en ,
                           "la valeur de l’indicateur"@fr ;
                rdfs:seeAlso "See the comments under the corresponding \"indicator\" class."@en ,
                             """http://purl.unep.org/sdg/SDGIO_00000000
http://purl.unep.org/sdg/SDGIO_00000001 
http://purl.unep.org/sdg/SDGIO_00000003""" ;
                skos:definition "A representational information content entity that generically depends on some indicator and is about, providing insights into, the complex system to which the indicator belongs."@en ,
                                "Un contenu représentatif d’information qui dépend de façon générique d’un indicateur et qui concerne, fournissant des indications/renseignements, sur le système complexe auquel l’indicateur appartient."@fr ,
                                "Un contenuto informativo rappresentativo che genericamente dipende da un indicatore e riguarda, fornisce informazioni sul, sistema complesso a cui l'indicatore appartiene."@it ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional .

_:genid81 owl:intersectionOf ( CommonCoreOntologies:RepresentationalInformationContentEntity
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty CommonCoreOntologies:is_about ;
                                  owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000015
                                ]
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty CommonCoreOntologies:represents ;
                                  owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000035
                                ]
                              ) ;
           rdf:type owl:Class .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource sco:SCO_0000003 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty owl:equivalentClass ;
   owl:annotatedTarget _:genid81 ;
   rdfs:comment """Discussion with subject matter experts is required to revise this axiom with regard to the “represents” object property. This was the most appropriate object property among those pertaining to OBO-Foundry and compliant ontologies to use in constructing this axiom. 
Nevertheless, implementations seem necessary to deepen the characterization, for instance with regard to representing and measuring the complex system of interest.. Revisions may regard adapting this object property or even further creating a new ad hoc object property. 

The CCO object properties “describes” and “is measurement of” appear other interesting options.
http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/describes
http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/is_a_measurement_of"""
 ] .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000004
sco:SCO_0000004 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( CommonCoreOntologies:InformationContentEntity
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty CommonCoreOntologies:is_about ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000016
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf CommonCoreOntologies:InformationContentEntity ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( CommonCoreOntologies:InformationContentEntity
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000084 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                              owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000026
                                                                                            sco:SCO_0000028
                                                                                          )
                                                                            ]
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( CommonCoreOntologies:InformationContentEntity
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000165 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000016
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000005 ;
                rdfs:label "contenu informatif de la perspective"@fr ,
                           "contenuto informativo della prospettiva"@it ,
                           "perspective information content entity"@en ;
                skos:definition "An information content entity that generically depends on some complex system component or complex system environment component and is about the perspective (that concretizes it) of that complex system component or complex system environment component."@en ,
                                "Un contenu d’information qui dépend de façon générique d’une composante de système complexe ou d’une composant d’environnement de système complexe et qui concerne la perspective (qui le concrétise) de cette composante de système complexe ou de cette composante environnement de système complexe."@fr ,
                                "Un contenuto informativo che dipende genericamente da una componente del sistema complesso o da una componente dell'ambiente del sistema complesso e riguarda la prospettiva (che lo concretizza) di tale componente del sistema complesso o dell’ambiente del sistema complesso."@it ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000005
sco:SCO_0000005 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( CommonCoreOntologies:InformationContentEntity
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty CommonCoreOntologies:is_about ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000019
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf CommonCoreOntologies:InformationContentEntity ,
                                _:genid111 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( CommonCoreOntologies:InformationContentEntity
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000165 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000019
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                rdfs:label "contenu informatif de la valeur"@fr ,
                           "contenuto informativo del valore"@it ,
                           "worth information content entity"@en ;
                skos:definition "An information content entity that generically depends on a complex system or a complex system environment (or some part(s) of them) and is about the worth (that concretizes it) that some complex system component or complex system environment component recognizes that that complex system or complex system environment (or some part(s) of them) bearer."@en ,
                                "Un contenu d’information qui dépend de façon générique d’un système complexe ou de l’environnement de système complexe (ou une ou plus parties de ceux-ci) et qui concerne la valeur (qui le concrétise) qu’une composante de système complexe ou de son environnement reconnaît d’avoir à ce système complexe-là ou à ce-t-environnement de système complexe-là (ou une ou plus parties de celux-ci)."@fr ,
                                "Un contenuto informativo che dipende genericamente dal sistema complesso o dall'ambiente del sistema complesso (o una o più parti di essi) e riguarda il valore (che lo concretizza) che una componente del sistema complesso del suo ambiente riconosce di avere a quel sistema complesso o ambiente del sistema complesso (o una o più parti di essi)."@it ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .

_:genid111 owl:intersectionOf ( CommonCoreOntologies:InformationContentEntity
                                 [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                   owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000084 ;
                                   owl:someValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                        owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000012
                                                                      sco:SCO_0000015
                                                                      sco:SCO_0000026
                                                                      sco:SCO_0000028
                                                                    )
                                                      ]
                                 ]
                               ) ;
            rdf:type owl:Class .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource sco:SCO_0000005 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ;
   owl:annotatedTarget _:genid111 ;
   rdfs:comment "To amend this axiom in case worth is associated with some object aggregate that is part of the complex system or complex system environment of interest. To extend this axiom to also cover the \"object aggregate\" class."
 ] .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000006
sco:SCO_0000006 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000040 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000110 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000110 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000014
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0002163 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom bfo:RO_0002577
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "system context" ;
                rdfs:comment "See the comment under the \"system\" class."@en ,
                             """We envision discussions with subject matter experts regarding whether the current SCO representation of system-system component (and related environment) parthood is suitable or whether a proper parthood-based representation is more adequate. Insights for discussion may be found in Calhau et al. (2024) and Ubbiali et al. (2024).

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1

Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr"""@en ;
                rdfs:label "ambiente del sistema"@it ,
                           "environnement de système"@fr ,
                           "system environment"@en ;
                skos:definition "A material entity that surrounds and is distinct and disjoint from a system."@en ,
                                "Un'entità materiale che circonda ed è distinta e disgiunta da un sistema."@it ,
                                "Une entité matérielle qui entourne et qui est distincte et disjointe d’un système."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource sco:SCO_0000006 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ;
   owl:annotatedTarget """We envision discussions with subject matter experts regarding whether the current SCO representation of system-system component (and related environment) parthood is suitable or whether a proper parthood-based representation is more adequate. Insights for discussion may be found in Calhau et al. (2024) and Ubbiali et al. (2024).

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1

Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr"""@en ;
   rdfs:seeAlso "See also comments to https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u#SCO_0000056"@en
 ] .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000007
sco:SCO_0000007 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000001 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000001
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000037 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000029
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000001
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000037 ;
                                                         owl:allValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000029
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000001
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000167 ;
                                                         owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                                         owl:onClass sco:SCO_0000013
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000008 ,
                                 sco:SCO_0000009 ;
                oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "relation among system components, interconnection among system components" ;
                rdfs:label "Interaction entre les composantes de système"@fr ,
                           "interaction among system components"@en ,
                           "interazione tra le componenti del sistema"@it ;
                skos:definition "An interaction that occurs among at least two system components."@en ,
                                "Une interaction qui se produit entre au moins deux composantes de système."@fr ,
                                "Un’interazione che avviene tra almeno due componenti del sistema."@it ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000008
sco:SCO_0000008 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000001 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000001
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000037 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000027
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000001
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000037 ;
                                                         owl:allValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000027
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000001
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000167 ;
                                                         owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                                         owl:onClass sco:SCO_0000014
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000009 ;
                oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "relation among system environment components, interconnection among system environment components"@en ;
                rdfs:label "interaction among system environment components"@en ,
                           "interaction entre les composantes de l’environnement de système"@fr ,
                           "interazione tra le componenti dell’ambiente di sistema"@it ;
                skos:definition "An interaction that occurs among at least two system environment components."@en ,
                                "Une interaction qui se produit entre au moins deux composantes de l’environnement d’un système."@fr ,
                                "Un’interazione che avviene tra almeno due componenti dell’ambiente di un sistema."@it ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000009
sco:SCO_0000009 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000001 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000001
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000167 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000013
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000001
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000167 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000014
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000001
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000037 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                              owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000027
                                                                                            sco:SCO_0000029
                                                                                          )
                                                                            ]
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000001
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000037 ;
                                                         owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                             owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000027
                                                                                           sco:SCO_0000029
                                                                                         )
                                                                           ]
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "relation between system components and the system environment, interconnection between system components and the system environment" ;
                rdfs:label "Interaction entre les composantes de système et les composantes de l’environnement de système"@fr ,
                           "interaction between system components and system environment components"@en ,
                           "interazione tra le componenti del sistema e le componenti de l'ambiente del sistema"@it ;
                skos:definition "An interaction that occurs between at least one system component and one system environment component where the latter belongs to the system environment of the system to which the system component belongs."@en ,
                                "Une interaction qui se produit entre au moins une composante d’un système et au moins une composante de l’environnement du système auquel la composante de système appartient."@fr ,
                                "Un’interazione che avviene tra almeno una componente di un sistema e almeno un componente dell’ ambiente del sistema a cui la componente del sistema appartiene."@it ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000010
sco:SCO_0000010 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000002 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000002
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000167 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000015
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000023 ;
                rdfs:label "complex system development"@en ,
                           "développement de système complexe"@fr ,
                           "sviluppo del sistema complesso"@it ;
                skos:definition "Le développement d’un système complexe."@fr ,
                                "Lo sviluppo di un sistema complesso."@it ,
                                "The system development of a complex system."@en ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000011
sco:SCO_0000011 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000182
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000184 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom bfo:RO_0002577
                                                           ]
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000184 ;
                                                             owl:allValuesFrom bfo:RO_0002577
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000182 ;
                rdfs:label "historie de système"@fr ,
                           "storia del sistema"@it ,
                           "system history"@en ;
                skos:definition "La storia di un sistema."@it ,
                                "L’histoire d’un système."@fr ,
                                "The history of a system."@en ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000012
sco:SCO_0000012 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000006 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000006
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000110 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000026
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000006
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0002163 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000015
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000015 ;
                oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "complex system context" ;
                rdfs:label "ambiente del sistema complesso"@it ,
                           "complex system environment"@en ,
                           "environnement de système complexe"@fr ;
                skos:definition "A system environment that surrounds and is distinct and disjoint from a complex system."@en ,
                                "Un ambiente del sistema che circonda ed è distinto e disgiunto da un sistema complesso."@it ,
                                "Un environnement de système qui entourne et qui est distinct et disjoint d’un système complexe."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000013
sco:SCO_0000013 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000176 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom bfo:RO_0002577
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000040 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         owl:complementOf sco:SCO_0000014
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000014 ;
                oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "system element" ;
                oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "system variable" ;
                rdfs:comment """Despite minor differences, SCO representation of systems and related architecture and composition is compatible with that of the System Core Ontology (Calhau et al., 2024). The system Core Ontology centers on socio-techno systems, primarily pointing to an intention/goal-directed representation of these systems. SCO representation, instead, adopts a more neutral modeling approach for complex systems, seeking to account for a wider range of systems. SCO is also more compact than the system Core Ontology. This is, however, adequate for the current purposes of SCO. 

We envision employing the system Core Ontology as a starting point to extend SCO representation of system architecture, situations, properties, and functions. We also envision possible alignments and reciprocal implementations between these two ontologies.

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1

Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr"""@en ,
                             """We envision discussions with subject matter experts regarding whether the current SCO representation of system-system component (and related environment) parthood is suitable or whether a proper parthood-based representation is more adequate. Insights for discussion may be found in Calhau et al. (2024) and Ubbiali et al. (2024).

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1

Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr"""@en ;
                rdfs:label "componente del sistema"@it ,
                           "composante de système"@fr ,
                           "system component"@en ;
                skos:definition "A material entity that belongs to a system."@en ,
                                "Un'entità materiale che appartiene a un sistema."@it ,
                                "Une entité matérielle qui appartient à un système."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource sco:SCO_0000013 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ;
   owl:annotatedTarget """We envision discussions with subject matter experts regarding whether the current SCO representation of system-system component (and related environment) parthood is suitable or whether a proper parthood-based representation is more adequate. Insights for discussion may be found in Calhau et al. (2024) and Ubbiali et al. (2024).

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1

Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr"""@en ;
   rdfs:seeAlso "See also comments to https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u#SCO_0000056"@en
 ] .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000014
sco:SCO_0000014 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000176 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000006
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000040 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000040
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         owl:complementOf sco:SCO_0000013
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "system environment element" ;
                oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "system environment variable" ;
                rdfs:comment """We envision discussions with subject matter experts regarding whether the current SCO representation of system-system component (and related environment) parthood is suitable or whether a proper parthood-based representation is more adequate. Insights for discussion may be found in Calhau et al. (2024) and Ubbiali et al. (2024).

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1

Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr"""@en ;
                rdfs:label "componente dell' ambiente del systema"@it ,
                           "composante de l'environnement de système"@fr ,
                           "system environment component"@en ;
                skos:definition "A material entity that belongs to a system environment."@en ,
                                "Un'entità materiale che appartiene all’ambiente di un sistema."@it ,
                                "Une entité matérielle qui appartient à l’environnement d’un système."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource sco:SCO_0000014 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ;
   owl:annotatedTarget """We envision discussions with subject matter experts regarding whether the current SCO representation of system-system component (and related environment) parthood is suitable or whether a proper parthood-based representation is more adequate. Insights for discussion may be found in Calhau et al. (2024) and Ubbiali et al. (2024).

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1

Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr"""@en ;
   rdfs:seeAlso "See also comments to https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u#SCO_0000056"@en
 ] .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000015
sco:SCO_0000015 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:RO_0002577
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0000086 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                                  owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000042
                                                                                                sco:SCO_0000043
                                                                                              )
                                                                                ]
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:RO_0002577 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:RO_0002577
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000110 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000028
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:RO_0002577
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000111 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000031
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:RO_0002577
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000166 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000010
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:RO_0002577
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000185 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000023
                                                       ]
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000185 ;
                                                         owl:allValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000023
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:RO_0002577
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000211 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000032
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:RO_0002577
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0002163 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000012
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "Ubbiali, G. A., Borghini, A., & Lange, M. C. (2024). Ontologies for Sustainability: Theoretical Challenges. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z8uqr"@en ;
                oboInOwl:hasNarrowSynonym "socio-ecological system, social-ecological system" ;
                rdfs:label "complex system"@en ,
                           "sistema complesso"@it ,
                           "système complexe"@fr ;
                rdfs:seeAlso """IOBC: http://purl.jp/bio/4/id/200906033993517889
IOBC: http://purl.jp/bio/4/id/201406059151625127
EnvThes: http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/21908
I2SV: https://i2insights.org/index/integration-and-implementation-sciences-vocabulary#complex-systems""" ;
                skos:definition "A system whose system components interact dynamically and nonlinearly, causing the emergence of a collective nontrivial and self-organized behavior. No internal/external centralized controls are required."@en ,
                                "Un sistema le cui componenti interagiscono dinamicamente e non linearmente, causando l’emergere di un comportamento collettivo, non banale e auto-organizzato. Non è richiesto nessun controllo centralizzato, né interno né esterno."@it ,
                                "Un système dont les composantes interagissent dynamiquement et non linéairement, causant l’émergence d’un comportement collectif, non trivial et auto-organisé. Aucun contrôle interne ou externe centralisé n’est requis."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000016
sco:SCO_0000016 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000016 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000016
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000164 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000004
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000016
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0000092 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                              owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000026
                                                                                            sco:SCO_0000028
                                                                                          )
                                                                            ]
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000016
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty CommonCoreOntologies:is_subject_of ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000004
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                rdfs:comment "SCO currently accounts for perspectives of complex system components and complex system environment components because the focus of this ontology is on complex systems. Future versions of this ontology may explore extending reference more broadly to systems."@en ;
                rdfs:label "perspective"@en ,
                           "perspective"@fr ,
                           "prospettiva"@it ;
                rdfs:seeAlso sco:SCO_0000039 ;
                skos:definition "A disposition whose realization leads the complex system component or the complex system environment component to (re)position itself within and regarding the complex system or complex system environment it belongs to (or a part of it) and possibly act accordingly."@en ,
                                "Una disposizione la cui realizzazione porta la componente del sistema complesso o la componente dell’ambiente del sistema complesso a (ri)posizionarsi nel e rispetto al sistema complesso o all’ ambiente del sistema complesso a cui appartiene (o parte di esso) ed eventualmente ad agire di conseguenza."@it ,
                                "Une disposition dont la réalisation conduit la composante de système complexe ou la composante de l’environnement du système complexe à se (re)positionner dans et par rapport au système complexe ou à l’environnement du système complexe auquel elle appartient (ou d’une partie de celui-ci) et, éventuellement, à agir en conséquence."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000017
sco:SCO_0000017 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000023 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000023
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0000081 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000035
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                rdfs:comment "To distinguish and account for indicators according to the perspectives of different complex systems (and environment) components, we suggest proceeding following the indications provided under the “according to the perspective” annotation property. In this case, regarding the subclasses to create, we recommend establishing axioms restricting to this class." ;
                rdfs:label "indicateur (rôle)"@fr ,
                           "indicator-role"@en ,
                           "ruolo di indicatore"@it ;
                rdfs:seeAlso "See the comments under the corresponding \"indicator\" class."@en ;
                skos:definition "A role whose realization leads the complex system component to be recognized as a carrier of an indicator value, by some complex system component or complex system environment component according to its/their perspective."@en ,
                                "Un rôle dont la réalisation conduit la composante de système complexe à être reconnu comme porteuse d’une valeur de l’indicateur, par quelque composante de système complexe ou de son l’environnement, selon sa/leur propre perspective."@fr ,
                                "un ruolo la cui realizzazione porta la componente del sistema complesso ad essere riconosciuto come portatore di un valore dell’indicatore, da parte di qualche componente del sistema complesso o del suo ambiente, secondo la propria prospettiva."@it ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000018
sco:SCO_0000018 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000023 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000023
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0000081 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000036
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                rdfs:label "ruolo di parte interessata (stakeholder)"@it ,
                           "rôle de partie prenante (stakeholder)"@fr ,
                           "stakeholder-role"@en ;
                skos:definition "A role whose realization leads the complex system component to be recognized as a bearer, in the belonging complex system, of at least one role (different from the role of stakeholder) and/or disposition (primarily a disposition to benefit/be damaged as being part of that complex system)."@en ,
                                "Un ruolo la cui realizzazione porta la componente del sistema complesso ad essere riconosciuta come detentrice, nel sistema complesso a cui appartiene, di almeno un ruolo (diverso dal ruolo di stakeholder) e/o disposizione (in primo luogo una predisposizione a beneficiare/essere danneggiata in quanto parte di tale sistema complesso)."@it ,
                                "Un rôle dont la réalisation conduit la composante du système complexe à être reconnue, dans le système complexe auquel elle appartient, comme porteuse d’au moins un rôle (différent du rôle de partie prenante) et/ou d’une disposition (principalement une disposition à bénéficier ou à être endommagé parce qu’elle fait partie de ce système complexe)."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000019
sco:SCO_0000019 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000023 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000023
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000164 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000005
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000023
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty CommonCoreOntologies:is_subject_of ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000005
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "value" ;
                rdfs:comment "Due to the SCO focus on complex systems, the worth-role class have been designed referring specifically to complex systems. Nevertheless, future implementations may broaden the space of application to also systems. Implementations may equally deepen this representation, detailing and elucidating the distinction and connection between worth and value(s)." ,
                             "To distinguish and account for what is considered worthy of value for different complex systems (and environment) components according to proper perspectives,we suggest proceeding following the indications provided under the “according to the perspective” annotation property. In this case, regarding the subclasses to create, we recommend establishing axioms restricting to this class." ;
                rdfs:label "Valeur (sens donner de la valeur)"@fr ,
                           "valore (senso dare valore)"@it ,
                           "worth-role"@en ;
                rdfs:seeAlso """(related)
http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_006063""" ,
                             "https://bio.scai.fraunhofer.de/ontology/epilepsy#worthiness" ;
                skos:definition "A role whose realization leads the complex system or the complex system environment (or some part(s) of them) to be recognized to bearer relevance by some complex system component or complex system environment component according to its/their perspective."@en ,
                                "Un ruolo la cui realizzazione porta il sistema complesso o l'ambiente del sistema complesso (o una o più delle parti di essi) ad essere riconosciuto come rilevante da parte di qualche componente del sistema complesso o del suo ambiente, secondo la propria prospettiva."@it ,
                                "Un rôle dont la réalisation conduit le système complexe ou l’environnement de système complexe (ou une ou plus parties de ceux-ci) à être reconnu comme significatif par quelque composante de système complexe ou de son l’environnement, selon sa/leur propre perspective."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000020
sco:SCO_0000020 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000009 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000009
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000167 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000026
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000009
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000167 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000028
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000009
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000037 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                              owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000033
                                                                                            sco:SCO_0000034
                                                                                          )
                                                                            ]
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000009
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000037 ;
                                                         owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                             owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000033
                                                                                           sco:SCO_0000034
                                                                                         )
                                                                           ]
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000021 ,
                                 sco:SCO_0000022 ;
                oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "relation between complex system components and complex system environment components, interconnection between complex system components and complex system environment components" ;
                rdfs:label "Interaction entre les composantes de système complexe et  les composantes de environnement de système complexe"@fr ,
                           "interaction between complex system components and complex system environment components"@en ,
                           "interazione tra le componenti del sistema complesso e le componenti dell’ambiente del sistema complesso"@it ;
                skos:definition "An interaction that occurs between at least one complex system component and one complex system environment component where the latter belongs to the complex system environment of the complex system to which the complex system component belongs."@en ,
                                "Une interaction qui se produit entre au moins une composante d’un système complexe et au moins une composante de l’environnement du système complexe auquel la composante de système complexe appartient."@fr ,
                                "Un’interazione che avviene tra almeno una componente di un sistema complesso e almeno una componente dell’ambiente del sistema complesso a cui la componente del sistema complesso appartiene."@it ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000021
sco:SCO_0000021 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000008 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000008
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000037 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000033
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000008
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000037 ;
                                                         owl:allValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000033
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000008
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000167 ;
                                                         owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                                         owl:onClass sco:SCO_0000026
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000022 ;
                oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "relation among complex system environment components, interconnection among complex system environment components"@en ;
                rdfs:label "interaction among complex system environment components"@en ,
                           "interaction entre les composants de l’environnement de système complexe"@fr ,
                           "interazione tra le componenti dell’ambiente di sistema complesso"@it ;
                skos:definition "An interaction that occurs among at least two complex system environment components."@en ,
                                "Une interaction qui se produit entre au moins deux composantes de l’environnement d’un système complexe."@fr ,
                                "Un’interazione che avviene tra almeno due componenti dell’ambiente di un sistema complesso."@it ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000022
sco:SCO_0000022 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000007 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000007
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000037 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000034
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000007
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000037 ;
                                                         owl:allValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000034
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000007
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000167 ;
                                                         owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                                         owl:onClass sco:SCO_0000028
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "relation among complex system components, interconnection among complex system components" ;
                rdfs:label "Interaction entre les composantes de système complexe"@fr ,
                           "interaction among complex system components"@en ,
                           "interazione tra le componenti del sistema complesso"@it ;
                skos:definition "An interaction that occurs among at least two system components of a complex system."@en ,
                                "Une interaction qui se produit entre au moins deux composantes de système d’un système complexe."@fr ,
                                "Un’interazione che avviene tra almeno due componenti del sistema di un sistema complesso."@en ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000023
sco:SCO_0000023 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000011
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000184 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000015
                                                           ]
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000184 ;
                                                             owl:allValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000015
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000011 ;
                rdfs:label "complex system history"@en ,
                           "historie de système complexe"@fr ,
                           "storia del sistema complesso"@it ;
                skos:definition "La storia del sistema di un sistema complesso."@it ,
                                "L’historique de système d’un système complexe."@fr ,
                                "The system history of a complex system."@en ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000024
sco:SCO_0000024 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000146
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000137 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom bfo:RO_0002577
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000146 ;
                rdfs:comment AnnotationVocabulary:Released ,
                             "Future SCO implementations may deal with representing system environment boudaries." ;
                rdfs:label "confine del sistema"@it ,
                           "frontière de système"@fr ,
                           "system boundary"@en ;
                skos:definition "A fiat surface of a system."@en ,
                                "Una superficie fiat di un sistema."@it ,
                                "Une surface fiat d’un système."@fr .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000025
sco:SCO_0000025 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000028 ;
                rdfs:comment "Future SCO implementations may consider including classes also covering spatial region for the system environment." ;
                rdfs:label "regione spaziale del sistema"@it ,
                           "région d’espace de système"@fr ,
                           "system spatial region"@en ;
                skos:definition "A three-dimensional spatial region of a system."@en ,
                                "Una regione di spazio tridimensionale di un sistema."@it ,
                                "Une région d’espace tridimensionnelle d’un système."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000026
sco:SCO_0000026 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000014
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000176 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000012
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000014 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000014
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000101 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000004
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000014
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0000091 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000016
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000028 ;
                oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "complex system environment element" ,
                                         "complex system environment variable" ;
                rdfs:label "complex system environment component"@en ,
                           "componente dell' ambiente del systema complesso"@it ,
                           "composante de l'environnement de système complexe"@fr ;
                skos:definition "A system evironment component that belongs to the system environment of a complex system."@en ,
                                "Una componente dell'ambiente di sistema che appartiene all’ambiente di un sistema complesso."@it ,
                                "Une composante de l'environnement de système qui appartient à l’environnement d’un système complexe."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000027
sco:SCO_0000027 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000014
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000038 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                                  owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000008
                                                                                                sco:SCO_0000009
                                                                                              )
                                                                                ]
                                                           ]
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000038 ;
                                                             owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                                 owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000008
                                                                                               sco:SCO_0000009
                                                                                             )
                                                                               ]
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000014 ;
                owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000029 ;
                rdfs:comment """We envision revisions of the current SCO theory of agency. This is due to the limited power of explainability of present representation. A sounder and deeper interpretation of the causal role of an agent in an interaction, compared to other participants, is required.

Tentative proposal: a possible direction of implementation is towards a telic vision of agency intended as end-point driven. On this more fundamental neutral vision, a second layer of representation may be constructed to model intentionality, goals, and plans in relation to agency. Here, SCO may harmonize and align with UFO-C representation. 

For insight for discussion see: 
Guarino, N., & Guizzardi, G. (2024). Processes as variable embodiments. Synthese, 203(4), 104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-024-04505-2
Guizzardi, G., de Almeida Falbo, R., & Guizzardi, R. (2008). Grounding software domain ontologies in the unified foundational ontology (UFO): The case of the ODE. Memorias de la XI Conferencia Iberoamericana de Software Engineering (CIbSE 2008), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, February 13-17, 2008, 127–140."""@en ;
                rdfs:label "agent de l’environnement de système"@fr ,
                           "agente dell’ambiente del sistema"@it ,
                           "system environnement agent"@en ;
                rdfs:seeAlso sco:SCO_0000037 ,
                             sco:SCO_0000038 ,
                             "comments to https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u#SCO_0000027 and https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u#SCO_0000029"@en ,
                             "See information under the \"has agent at t\" property." ;
                skos:definition "A system environment component that is an agent in an interaction among system environment components or in an interaction between system components and system environment components."@en ,
                                "Una componente dell’ambiente del sistema che è un agente in un'interazione tra le componenti dell'ambiente del sistema o in un'interazione tra componenti del sistema e le componenti dell'ambiente del sistema."@it ,
                                "Une composante de l’environnement de système qui est un agent dans une interaction entre les composantes de l’environnement du système ou dans une interaction entre les composantes de système et les composants de l’environnement de système."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000028
sco:SCO_0000028 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000013
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000176 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000015
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000013 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000013
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000101 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000004
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000013
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0000091 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000016
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "complex system element" ;
                oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "complex system variable" ;
                rdfs:label "complex system component"@en ,
                           "componente del sistema complesso"@it ,
                           "composante de système complexe"@fr ;
                skos:definition "A system component that belongs to a complex system."@en ,
                                "Una componente del sistema che appartiene a un sistema complesso."@it ,
                                "Une composante de système qui appartient à un système complexe."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000029
sco:SCO_0000029 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000013
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000038 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                                  owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000007
                                                                                                sco:SCO_0000009
                                                                                              )
                                                                                ]
                                                           ]
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000038 ;
                                                             owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                                 owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000007
                                                                                               sco:SCO_0000009
                                                                                             )
                                                                               ]
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000013 ;
                rdfs:comment """We envision revisions of the current SCO theory of agency. This is due to the limited power of explainability of present representation. A sounder and deeper interpretation of the causal role of an agent in an interaction, compared to other participants, is required.

Tentative proposal: a possible direction of implementation is towards a telic vision of agency intended as end-point driven. On this more fundamental neutral vision, a second layer of representation may be constructed to model intentionality, goals, and plans in relation to agency. Here, SCO may harmonize and align with UFO-C representation. 

For insight for discussion see: 
Guarino, N., & Guizzardi, G. (2024). Processes as variable embodiments. Synthese, 203(4), 104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-024-04505-2
Guizzardi, G., de Almeida Falbo, R., & Guizzardi, R. (2008). Grounding software domain ontologies in the unified foundational ontology (UFO): The case of the ODE. Memorias de la XI Conferencia Iberoamericana de Software Engineering (CIbSE 2008), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, February 13-17, 2008, 127–140."""@en ;
                rdfs:label "agent de système"@fr ,
                           "agente del sistema"@it ,
                           "system agent"@en ;
                rdfs:seeAlso sco:SCO_0000037 ,
                             sco:SCO_0000038 ,
                             "comments to https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u#SCO_0000027 and https://www.w3id.org/sco/sco-u#SCO_0000029"@en ,
                             "See information under the \"has agent at t\" property." ;
                skos:definition "A system component that is an agent in an interaction among system components or in an interaction between system components and system environment components."@en ,
                                "Una componente di sistema che è un agente in un'interazione tra le componenti del sistema o in un'interazione tra le componenti di sistema e le componenti dell'ambiente di sistema."@it ,
                                "Une composante de système qui est un agent dans une interaction entre les composantes de l’environnement du système ou dans une interaction entre les composantes de système et les composants de l’environnement de système."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000030
sco:SCO_0000030 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000016
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0000092 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000036
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000016 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000016
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000164 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000040
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000016
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty CommonCoreOntologies:is_subject_of ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000040
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "complex system stakeholder perspective, system stakeholder perspective" ;
                rdfs:label "Prospettiva di parte interessata (stakeholder)"@it ,
                           "perspective de partie prenante (stakeholder)"@fr ,
                           "stakeholder perspective"@en ;
                skos:definition "A perspective that is bearered by a stakeholder."@en ,
                                "Una prospettiva che è detenuta da una parte interessata (stakeholder)."@it ,
                                "Une perspective qui est détenue par une partie prenante (stakeholder)."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000031
sco:SCO_0000031 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000024
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000137 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000015
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000024 ;
                rdfs:label "complex system boundary"@en ,
                           "confine del sistema complesso"@it ,
                           "frontière de système complexe"@fr ;
                skos:definition "A system boundary of a complex system."@en ,
                                "Un confine del sistema di un sistema complesso."@it ,
                                "Une frontière de système d’un système complexe."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000032
sco:SCO_0000032 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000025 ;
                rdfs:label "complex system spatial region"@en ,
                           "regione spaziale del sistema complesso"@it ,
                           "région d’espace de système complexe"@fr ;
                skos:definition "A system spatial region of a complex system."@en ,
                                "Una regione di spazio del sistema di un sistema complesso."@it ,
                                "Une région d’espace de système d’un système complexe."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000033
sco:SCO_0000033 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000026
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000038 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                                  owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000020
                                                                                                sco:SCO_0000021
                                                                                              )
                                                                                ]
                                                           ]
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000038 ;
                                                             owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                                 owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000020
                                                                                               sco:SCO_0000021
                                                                                             )
                                                                               ]
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000027 ;
                owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000034 ;
                rdfs:label "agent de l’environnement de système complexe"@fr ,
                           "agente dell’ambiente del sistema complesso"@it ,
                           "complex system environment agent"@en ;
                rdfs:seeAlso sco:SCO_0000037 ,
                             sco:SCO_0000038 ,
                             "See information under the \"has agent at t\" property." ;
                skos:definition "A complex system environment component that is an agent in an interaction among complex system environment components or in an interaction between complex system components and complex system environment components."@en ,
                                "Una componente dell’ambiente del sistema complesso che è un agente in un'interazione tra componenti dell’ambiente del sistema complesso o in un'interazione tra le componenti del sistema complesso e le componenti dell’ambiente del sistema complesso."@it ,
                                "Une composante de l’environnement de système complexe qui est un agent dans une interaction entre les composantes de l’environnement de système complexe ou dans une interaction entre les composantes de système complexe et les composantes de l’environnement de système complexe."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000034
sco:SCO_0000034 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000028
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000038 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                                  owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000020
                                                                                                sco:SCO_0000022
                                                                                              )
                                                                                ]
                                                           ]
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty sco:SCO_0000038 ;
                                                             owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                                 owl:unionOf ( sco:SCO_0000020
                                                                                               sco:SCO_0000022
                                                                                             )
                                                                               ]
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000029 ;
                rdfs:label "agent de système complexe"@fr ,
                           "agente del sistema complesso"@it ,
                           "complex system agent"@en ;
                rdfs:seeAlso sco:SCO_0000037 ,
                             sco:SCO_0000038 ,
                             "See information under the \"has agent at t\" property." ;
                skos:definition "A complex system component that is an agent in an interaction among complex system components or in an interaction between complex system components and complex system environment components."@en ,
                                "Una componente del sistema complesso che è un agente in un'interazione tra le componenti del sistema complesso o in un'interazione tra le componenti del sistema complesso e le componenti dell’ambiente del sistema complesso."@it ,
                                "Une composante de système complexe qui est un agent dans une interaction entre les composantes de système complexe ou dans une interaction entre les composantes de système complexe et les composantes de l’environnement de système complexe."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000035
sco:SCO_0000035 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000028
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0000087 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000017
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000028 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000028
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000220 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000003
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000028
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty CommonCoreOntologies:represented_by ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000003
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "complex system indicator"@en ;
                oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "system indicator"@en ;
                rdfs:comment "SCO indicator classes have been designed referring to the characterization of sustainable development indicators (SDGs indicators) proposed by SDGIO. we aimed to deepen this characterization and establish upper-level classes for SDGIO ones."@en ,
                             "Due to the SCO focus on complex systems, indicator classes have been designed referring specifically to complex systems. Nevertheless, future implementations may broaden the space of application to also systems." ;
                rdfs:label "indicateur"@fr ,
                           "indicator"@en ,
                           "indicatore"@it ;
                rdfs:seeAlso "http://purl.unep.org/sdg/SDGIO_00000002" ;
                skos:definition "A complex system component with an indicator role."@en ,
                                "Una componente del sistema complesso con un ruolo d’indicatore."@it ,
                                "Une composante de système complexe ayant un rôle d’indicateur."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000036
sco:SCO_0000036 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000028
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0000087 ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000018
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000028 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000028
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000101 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000040
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000028
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0000091 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000030
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "complex system stakeholder, system stakeholder" ;
                rdfs:label "parte interessata (stakeholder)"@it ,
                           "partie prenante (stakeholder)"@fr ,
                           "stakeholder"@en ;
                skos:definition "A complex system component with a stakeholder role."@en ,
                                "Una componente del sistema complesso con un ruolo di stakeholder."@it ,
                                "Une composante du système complexe avec un rôle de partie prenante."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000040
sco:SCO_0000040 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000004
                                                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                             owl:onProperty CommonCoreOntologies:is_about ;
                                                             owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000030
                                                           ]
                                                         ) ;
                                      rdf:type owl:Class
                                    ] ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000004 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000004
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000084 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000036
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( sco:SCO_0000004
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000165 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000030
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                rdfs:label "contenu informatif de la perspective de partie prenante (stakeholder)"@fr ,
                           "contenuto informativo della prospettiva di parte interessata (stakeholder)"@it ,
                           "stakeholder perspective information content entity"@en ;
                skos:definition "A perspective information content entity of a stakeholder perspective."@en ,
                                "Un contenu informatif de la perspective d’une perspective de partie prenante (stakeholder)."@fr ,
                                "Un contenuto informativo della prospettiva di una prospettiva di parte interessata (stakeholder)."@it ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000041
sco:SCO_0000041 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000020 ;
                rdfs:comment "Do not use this class directly. This class is constructed as a grouping for complex system properties, such as emergence and self-organization, in order to facilitate class retrieval and visualization." ;
                rdfs:label "complex system property"@en ,
                           "proprietà del systema complesso"@it ;
                skos:definition "propriété de système complexe"@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Released .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000042
sco:SCO_0000042 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000041 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000019
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0000080 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000015
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                owl:disjointWith sco:SCO_0000043 ;
                rdfs:comment """A more extensive representation of emergence is required. A possible starting point may be the work of Calhau et al. (2024).

Calhau, R. F., Prince Sales, T., Oliveira, Í., Kokkula, S., Ferreira Pires, L., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., & Almeida, J. P. A. (2024). A System Core Ontology for Capability Emergence Modeling. In H. A. Proper, L. Pufahl, D. Karastoyanova, M. Van Sinderen, & J. Moreira (A c. Di), Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing (Vol. 14367, pp. 3–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46587-1_1"""@en ,
                             "This class should be amended according to SCO implementations regarding system scales, levels, and change." ;
                rdfs:label "emergence"@en ,
                           "emergenza (proprietà emergenti)"@it ,
                           "émergence (propriété émergentes"@fr ;
                skos:definition "A quality that inherits in a complex system by virtue of how the complex system behavior and properties at a macroscopic level are nontrivially envisaged from those at a more microscopic one."@en ,
                                "Una qualità che il sistema complesso esibisce in virtù del fatto che il comportamento del sistema complesso e le sue proprietà a un livello macroscopico sono non-trivialmente predicibili da quelli a livello più microscopico."@it ,
                                "Une qualité qu’un système complexe exhibe en vertu du fait que le comportement du système complexe et ses propriétés à un niveau macroscopique sont non-trivialement prédictibles à partir de ceux aux niveaux plus microscopiques."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional .


###  https://www.w3id.org/sco#SCO_0000043
sco:SCO_0000043 rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf sco:SCO_0000041 ,
                                [ owl:intersectionOf ( bfo:BFO_0000019
                                                       [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                         owl:onProperty bfo:RO_0000080 ;
                                                         owl:someValuesFrom sco:SCO_0000015
                                                       ]
                                                     ) ;
                                  rdf:type owl:Class
                                ] ;
                rdfs:comment "This class should be amended according to SCO implementations regarding system scales, levels, and change." ;
                rdfs:label "auto-organisation"@fr ,
                           "auto-organizzazione"@it ,
                           "self-organization"@en ;
                skos:definition "A quality that inherits in a complex system by virtue of how the complex system components spontaneously arrange, globally generating macroscopic and microscopic structures and behaviors, without any internal and/or external controls."@en ,
                                "Una qualità che il sistema complesso esibisce in virtù del fatto che le componenti del sistema complesso si organizzino spontaneamente, generando globalmente strutture e comportamenti macroscopici e microscopici, senza alcun controllo interno e/o esterno."@it ,
                                "Une qualité qu’un système complexe exhibe en vertu du fait que les composantes du système complexe s’organisent spontanément, générant globalement des structures et comportements macroscopiques et microscopiques, sans aucun contrôle interne et/ou externe."@fr ;
                AnnotationVocabulary:maturity AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional .


#################################################################
#    Individuals
#################################################################

###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/Provisional
AnnotationVocabulary:Provisional rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                          AnnotationVocabulary:MaturityLevel ;
                                 rdfs:label "provisional"@en-us ;
                                 skos:definition "construct or ontology development state in which content is subject to change and may change considerably"@en-us ;
                                 AnnotationVocabulary:explanatoryNote "IOF users should be aware that the resource is not dependable, but can be used for reference and for further work."@en-us .


###  https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/meta/AnnotationVocabulary/Released
AnnotationVocabulary:Released rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                       AnnotationVocabulary:MaturityLevel ;
                              rdfs:label "released"@en-us ;
                              skos:definition "construct or ontology development state in which the resource is stable, usable, and has been made available to external users"@en-us ;
                              AnnotationVocabulary:explanatoryNote "Release notes will be provided for any changes concerning released content, and any revisions will be backward compatible with the prior version to the degree possible."@en-us .


#################################################################
#    Annotations
#################################################################

bfo:BFO_0000002 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts."@en .


bfo:BFO_0000003 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time."@en .


bfo:BFO_0000017 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A specifically dependent continuant  that inheres in continuant  entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances."@en .


bfo:BFO_0000050 bfo:IAO_0000111 "is part of"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 "my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)"@en ,
                                "my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)"@en ,
                                "this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "a core relation that holds between a part and its whole"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other."@en ,
                                "Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/"@en ,
                                """Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.)

A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'."""@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "part_of"@en .


bfo:BFO_0000051 bfo:IAO_0000111 "has part"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 "my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)"@en ,
                                "my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)"@en ,
                                "this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "a core relation that holds between a whole and its part"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part."@en ,
                                "Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/"@en ,
                                """Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.)

A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'."""@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "has_part"@en .


bfo:BFO_0000054 bfo:IAO_0000111 "realized in"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 "this disease is realized in this disease course"@en ,
                                "this fragility is realized in this shattering"@en ,
                                "this investigator role is realized in this investigation"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "is realized by"@en ,
                                "realized_in"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000600 "[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])"@en .


bfo:BFO_0000055 bfo:IAO_0000111 "realizes"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 "this disease course realizes this disease"@en ,
                                "this investigation realizes this investigator role"@en ,
                                "this shattering realizes this fragility"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000600 "to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])"@en .


bfo:BFO_0000062 bfo:IAO_0000111 "preceded by"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C.    The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "is preceded by"@en ,
                                "preceded_by"@en .


bfo:BFO_0000063 bfo:IAO_0000111 "precedes"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point."@en .


bfo:BFO_0000066 bfo:IAO_0000111 "occurs in"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "occurs_in"@en ,
                                "unfolds in"@en ,
                                "unfolds_in"@en .


bfo:BFO_0000067 bfo:IAO_0000111 "site of"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t"@en .


bfo:CL_0000000 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane." ,
                               "A material entity that has a plasma membrane and results from cellular division." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:CL_0000000 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "CARO:mah"
 ] .


bfo:CL_0000101 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:CL_0000101 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "ISBN:0721662544"
 ] .


bfo:CL_0000540 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "nerve cell" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:CL_0000540 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "MESH:D009474" ,
                      "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron"
 ] .


bfo:COB_0001000 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A process during which an organism comes into contact with another entity." .


bfo:ENVO_01000254 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "environment" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:ENVO_01000254 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43"
 ] .


bfo:ENVO_01000739 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:ENVO_01000739 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "EnvO:EnvO"
 ] .


bfo:ENVO_01003004 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist through the separation or transformation of a part of the old entity, and the new entity inherits a significant portion of the matter belonging to that part of the old entity."@en .


bfo:GO_0003674 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "molecular function" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:GO_0003674 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "GOC:pdt"
 ] .


bfo:GO_0004842 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-Ub + Y = Y-Ub + X, where both X-Ub and Y-Ub are covalent linkages." ;
               oboInOwl:hasBroadSynonym "E2" ,
                                        "E3" ;
               oboInOwl:hasNarrowSynonym "ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity" ,
                                         "ubiquitin ligase activity" ,
                                         "ubiquitin protein ligase activity" ,
                                         "ubiquitin protein-ligase activity" ,
                                         "ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme activity" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:GO_0004842 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-Ub + Y = Y-Ub + X, where both X-Ub and Y-Ub are covalent linkages." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "GOC:BioGRID" ,
                      "GOC:jh2" ,
                      "PMID:9635407"
 ] .


bfo:GO_0005634 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "cell nucleus" ;
               oboInOwl:hasNarrowSynonym "horsetail nucleus" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:GO_0005634 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "GOC:go_curators"
 ] .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:GO_0005634 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty oboInOwl:hasNarrowSynonym ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "horsetail nucleus" ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "GOC:al" ,
                      "GOC:mah" ,
                      "GOC:vw" ,
                      "PMID:15030757"
 ] .


bfo:GO_0008150 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence." ,
                               "A process that emerges from two or more causally-connected macromolecular activities and has evolved to achieve a biological objective." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "biological process" ,
                                        "physiological process" ;
               oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "single organism process" ,
                                          "single-organism process" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:GO_0008150 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "GOC:pdt"
 ] .


bfo:GO_0016301 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "phosphokinase activity" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:GO_0016301 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "ISBN:0198506732"
 ] .


bfo:GO_0019107 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl (CH3-[CH2]12-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:GO_0019107 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl (CH3-[CH2]12-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "GOC:ai"
 ] .


bfo:IAO_0000002 bfo:IAO_0000111 "example to be eventually removed"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000027 bfo:IAO_0000111 "data item"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000030 bfo:IAO_0000111 "information content entity"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000078 bfo:IAO_0000111 "curation status specification"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Bill Bug"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>"@en ,
                                "OBI_0000266"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000102 bfo:IAO_0000111 "data about an ontology part"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000103 bfo:IAO_0000111 "failed exploratory term"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000113 bfo:IAO_0000111 "in branch"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "GROUP:OBI"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "OBI_0000277"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000120 bfo:IAO_0000111 "metadata complete"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete."@en .


bfo:IAO_0000121 bfo:IAO_0000111 "organizational term"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000122 bfo:IAO_0000111 "ready for release"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking \"ready_for_release\" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release.  Those classes deemed \"ready_for_release\" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also \"ready_for_release.\""@en .


bfo:IAO_0000123 bfo:IAO_0000111 "metadata incomplete"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors."@en .


bfo:IAO_0000124 bfo:IAO_0000111 "uncurated"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term."@en .


bfo:IAO_0000125 bfo:IAO_0000111 "pending final vetting"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor."@en .


bfo:IAO_0000224 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Core is an instance of a grouping of terms from an ontology or ontologies. It is used by the ontology to identify main classes."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg"@en ,
                                "PERSON: Melanie Courtot"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000225 bfo:IAO_0000111 "obsolescence reason specification"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg"@en ,
                                "PERSON: Melanie Courtot"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000226 bfo:IAO_0000111 "placeholder removed"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000227 bfo:IAO_0000111 "terms merged"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge."@en .


bfo:IAO_0000228 bfo:IAO_0000111 "term imported"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use."@en .


bfo:IAO_0000229 bfo:IAO_0000111 "term split"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created."@en .


bfo:IAO_0000231 bfo:IAO_0000111 "has obsolescence reason"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg"@en ,
                                "PERSON:Melanie Courtot"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000234 bfo:IAO_0000111 "ontology term requester"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000409 bfo:IAO_0000111 "denotator type"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 "The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are \"natural kinds\" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000410 bfo:IAO_0000111 "universal"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a \"natural kind\" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000411 bfo:IAO_0000111 "is denotator type"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relates an class defined in an ontology, to the type of it's denotator"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange('is denotator type' 'denotator type')"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000412 bfo:IAO_0000111 "imported from"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg"@en ,
                                "PERSON:Melanie Courtot"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000420 bfo:IAO_0000111 "defined class"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "\"definitions\", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000421 bfo:IAO_0000111 "named class expression"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000423 bfo:IAO_0000111 "to be replaced with external ontology term"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "group:OBI"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000425 bfo:IAO_0000111 "expand assertion to"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 """ObjectProperty: RO???
Label: spatially disjoint from
Annotations: expand_assertion_to \"DisjointClasses: (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?X)  (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)\"
"""@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A macro expansion tag applied to an annotation property which can be expanded into a more detailed axiom."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Chris Mungall"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000426 bfo:IAO_0000111 "first order logic expression"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a string or literal, where the value of the string or literal is a Common Logic sentence of collection of sentences that define the Object Property." ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000427 bfo:IAO_0000111 "antisymmetric property"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 "part_of antisymmetric property xsd:true"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Use boolean value xsd:true to indicate that the property is an antisymmetric property"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000428 bfo:IAO_0000111 "requires discussion"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "group:OBI"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000589 bfo:IAO_0000111 "OBO foundry unique label"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools ."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg"@en ,
                                "PERSON:Bjoern Peters"@en ,
                                "PERSON:Chris Mungall"@en ,
                                "PERSON:Melanie Courtot"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/>"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000596 bfo:IAO_0000111 "has ID digit count"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 """Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/>
  Annotations: 
     'has ID prefix': \"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_\"
     'has ID digit count' : 7,
     rdfs:label \"RO id policy\"
     'has ID policy for': \"RO\""""@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relates an ontology used to record id policy to the number of digits in the URI. The URI is: the 'has ID prefix\" annotation property value concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with \"0\"s to make this many digits)"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000597 bfo:IAO_0000111 "has ID range allocated"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 """Datatype: idrange:1
Annotations: 'has ID range allocated to': \"Chris Mungall\"
EquivalentTo: xsd:integer[> 2151 , <= 2300]
"""@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relates a datatype that encodes a range of integers to the name of the person or organization who can use those ids constructed in that range to define new terms"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000598 bfo:IAO_0000111 "has ID policy for"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 """Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/>
  Annotations: 
     'has ID prefix': \"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_\"
     'has ID digit count' : 7,
     rdfs:label \"RO id policy\"
     'has ID policy for': \"RO\""""@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relating an ontology used to record id policy to the ontology namespace whose policy it manages"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000599 bfo:IAO_0000111 "has ID prefix"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 """Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/>
  Annotations: 
     'has ID prefix': \"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_\"
     'has ID digit count' : 7,
     rdfs:label \"RO id policy\"
     'has ID policy for': \"RO\""""@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relates an ontology used to record id policy to a prefix concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with \"0\"s to make this many digits) to construct an ID for a term being created."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000601 bfo:IAO_0000111 "has associated axiom(nl)"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000600 "An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000602 bfo:IAO_0000111 "has associated axiom(fol)"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000600 "An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000603 bfo:IAO_0000111 "is allocated id range"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relates an ontology IRI to an (inclusive) range of IRIs in an OBO name space. The range is give as, e.g. \"IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999\""@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_0000700 bfo:IAO_0000111 "has ontology root term"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Nicolas Matentzoglu"@en .


bfo:IAO_0006011 bfo:IAO_0000111 "may be identical to"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A annotation relationship between two terms in an ontology that may refer to the same (natural) type but where more evidence is required before terms are merged."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "David Osumi-Sutherland"@en .


bfo:IAO_0006012 bfo:IAO_0000111 "scheduled for obsoletion on or after"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Used when the class or object is scheduled for obsoletion/deprecation on or after a particular date."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Chris Mungall, Jie Zheng"@en .


bfo:IAO_0010000 bfo:IAO_0000111 "has axiom id"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000600 "A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI"@en .


bfo:IAO_0100001 bfo:IAO_0000111 "term replaced by"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000000 bfo:IAO_0000111 "ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "I have placed this under 'data about an ontology part', but this can be discussed. I think this is OK if 'part' is interpreted reflexively, as an ontology module is the whole ontology rather than part of it."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "ontology file"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000001 bfo:IAO_0000111 "base ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An ontology module that comprises only of asserted axioms local to the ontology, excludes import directives, and excludes axioms or declarations from external ontologies."@en .


bfo:IAO_8000002 bfo:IAO_0000111 "editors ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An ontology module that is intended to be directly edited, typically managed in source control, and typically not intended for direct consumption by end-users."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "source ontology module"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000003 bfo:IAO_0000111 "main release ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An ontology module that is intended to be the primary release product and the one consumed by the majority of tools."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "TODO: Add logical axioms that state that a main release ontology module is derived from (directly or indirectly) an editors module"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000004 bfo:IAO_0000111 "bridge ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An ontology module that consists entirely of axioms that connect or bridge two distinct ontology modules. For example, the Uberon-to-ZFA bridge module."@en .


bfo:IAO_8000005 bfo:IAO_0000111 "import ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A subset ontology module that is intended to be imported from another ontology."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "TODO: add axioms that indicate this is the output of a module extraction process."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "import file"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000006 bfo:IAO_0000111 "subset ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "ontology slim"@en ,
                                "subset ontology"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000007 bfo:IAO_0000111 "curation subset ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A subset ontology that is intended as a whitelist for curators using the ontology. Such a subset will exclude classes that curators should not use for curation."@en .


bfo:IAO_8000008 bfo:IAO_0000111 "analysis ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An ontology module that is intended for usage in analysis or discovery applications."@en .


bfo:IAO_8000009 bfo:IAO_0000111 "single layer ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A subset ontology that is largely comprised of a single layer or strata in an ontology class hierarchy. The purpose is typically for rolling up for visualization. The classes in the layer need not be disjoint."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "ribbon subset"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000010 bfo:IAO_0000111 "exclusion subset ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A subset of an ontology that is intended to be excluded for some purpose. For example, a blacklist of classes."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "antislim"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000011 bfo:IAO_0000111 "external import ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An imported ontology module that is derived from an external ontology. Derivation methods include the OWLAPI SLME approach."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "external import"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000012 bfo:IAO_0000111 "species subset ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A subset ontology that is crafted to either include or exclude a taxonomic grouping of species."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "taxon subset"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000013 bfo:IAO_0000111 "reasoned ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An ontology module that contains axioms generated by a reasoner. The generated axioms are typically direct SubClassOf axioms, but other possibilities are available."@en .


bfo:IAO_8000014 bfo:IAO_0000111 "generated ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An ontology module that is automatically generated, for example via a SPARQL query or via template and a CSV."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "TODO: Add axioms (using PROV-O?) that indicate this is the output-of some reasoning process"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000015 bfo:IAO_0000111 "template generated ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "An ontology module that is automatically generated from a template specification and fillers for slots in that template."@en .


bfo:IAO_8000016 bfo:IAO_0000111 "taxonomic bridge ontology module"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000017 bfo:IAO_0000111 "ontology module subsetted by expressivity"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000018 bfo:IAO_0000111 "obo basic subset ontology module"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 """A subset ontology that is designed for basic applications to continue to make certain simplifying assumptions; many of these simplifying assumptions were based on the initial version of the Gene Ontology, and have become enshrined in many popular and useful tools such as term enrichment tools.

Examples of such assumptions include: traversing the ontology graph ignoring relationship types using a naive algorithm will not lead to cycles (i.e. the ontology is a DAG); every referenced term is declared in the ontology (i.e. there are no dangling clauses).

An ontology is OBO Basic if and only if it has the following characteristics:
DAG
Unidirectional
No Dangling Clauses
Fully Asserted
Fully Labeled
No equivalence axioms
Singly labeled edges
No qualifier lists
No disjointness axioms
No owl-axioms header
No imports"""@en .


bfo:IAO_8000019 bfo:IAO_0000111 "ontology module subsetted by OWL profile"@en .


bfo:IAO_8000020 bfo:IAO_0000111 "EL++ ontology module"@en .


bfo:OBI_0000011 bfo:IAO_0000111 "planned process"@en ,
                                "planned process" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 "Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000122 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)" ,
                                """We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some 
objectives is a planned process.""" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "Bjoern Peters" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "branch derived" .


bfo:OBI_0000047 bfo:IAO_0000111 "processed material"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 "Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000122 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg"@en .


bfo:OBI_0000070 bfo:IAO_0000111 "assay"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 "Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house." ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000122 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation." ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "measuring"@en ,
                                "scientific observation"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "OBI branch derived"@en .


bfo:OBI_0000967 bfo:IAO_0000111 "container" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000123 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A device that can be used to restrict the location of material entities over time" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "03/21/2010: Added to allow classification of children (similar to what we want to do for 'measurement device'. Lookint at what classifies here, we may want to reconsider a contain function assigned to a part of an entity is necessarily also a function of the whole (e.g. is a centrifuge a container because it has test tubes as parts?)" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON: Bjoern Peters" .


bfo:OBI_0000968 bfo:IAO_0000111 "device" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 "A voltmeter is a measurement device which is intended to perform some measure function." ,
                                "An autoclave is a device that sterlizes instruments or contaminated waste by applying high temperature and pressure." ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000122 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent." ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 """2012-12-17 JAO: In common lab usage, there is a distinction made between devices and reagents that is difficult to model. Therefore we have chosen to specifically exclude reagents from the definition of \"device\", and are enumerating the types of roles that a reagent can perform.

2013-6-5 MHB: The following clarifications are outcomes of the May 2013 Philly Workshop. Reagents are distinguished from devices that also participate in scientific techniques by the fact that reagents are chemical or biological in nature and necessarily participate in some chemical interaction or reaction during the realization of their experimental role. By contrast, devices do not participate in such chemical reactions/interactions.  Note that there are cases where devices use reagent components during their operation, where the reagent-device distinction is less clear.  For example:

(1) An HPLC machine is considered a device, but has a column that holds a stationary phase resin as an operational component.  This resin qualifies as a device if it participates purely in size exclusion, but bears a reagent role that is realized in the running of a column if it interacts electrostatically or chemically with the evaluant. The container the resin is in (“the column”) considered alone is a device. So the entire column as well as the entire HPLC machine are devices that have a reagent as an operating part.

(2) A pH meter is a device, but its electrode component bears a reagent role in virtue of its interacting directly with the evaluant in execution of an assay.

(3) A gel running  box  is a device that has a metallic lead as a component that participates in a chemical reaction with the running buffer when a charge is passed through it.  This metallic lead is considered to have a reagent role as a component of this device realized in the running of a gel.

In the examples above, a reagent is an operational component of a device, but the device itself does not realize a reagent role (as bearing a reagent role is not transitive across the part_of relation).  In this way, the asserted disjointness between a reagent and device holds, as both roles are never realized in the same bearer during execution of an assay.""" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "PERSON: Helen Parkinson" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000118 "instrument" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "OBI development call 2012-12-17." .


bfo:OBI_0100026 bfo:IAO_0000111 "organism"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000112 "animal"@en ,
                                "fungus"@en ,
                                "plant"@en ,
                                "virus"@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000122 ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms')" ,
                                """13-02-2009:
OBI doesn't take position as to  when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus.
This issue is outside the scope of OBI.""" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 "GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism"@en .


bfo:OGMS_0000031 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism."@en .


bfo:OMO_0001000 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000116 "This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease."@en ;
                bfo:IAO_0000117 <http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432> .


bfo:OMO_0001001 bfo:IAO_0000115 "This is an annotation used on an object property to indicate a logical characterstic beyond what is possible in OWL." ;
                bfo:IAO_0000119 "OBO Operations call" .


bfo:OMO_0002000 bfo:IAO_0000112 """'part disjoint with' 'defined by construct' \"\"\"
    PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
    PREFIX : <http://example.org/
    CONSTRUCT {
      [
        a owl:Restriction ;
        owl:onProperty :part_of ;
        owl:someValuesFrom ?a ;
        owl:disjointWith [
          a owl:Restriction ;
          owl:onProperty :part_of ;
          owl:someValuesFrom ?b
        ]
      ]
    }
    WHERE {
      ?a :part_disjoint_with ?b .
    }""" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "Links an annotation property to a SPARQL CONSTRUCT query which is meant to provide semantics for a shortcut relation." ;
                bfo:IAO_0000233 <https://github.com/ontodev/robot/issues/963> .


bfo:OMO_0003000 bfo:IAO_0000112 "CHEBI:26523 (reactive oxygen species) has an exact synonym (ROS), which is of type OMO:0003000 (abbreviation)" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A synonym type for describing abbreviations or initalisms" .


bfo:OMO_0003001 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A synonym type for describing ambiguous synonyms" .


bfo:OMO_0003002 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A synonym type for describing dubious synonyms" .


bfo:OMO_0003003 bfo:IAO_0000112 "EFO:0006346 (severe cutaneous adverse reaction) has an exact synonym (scar), which is of the type OMO:0003003 (layperson synonym)" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A synonym type for describing layperson or colloquial synonyms" .


bfo:OMO_0003004 bfo:IAO_0000112 "CHEBI:23367 (molecular entity) has an exact synonym (molecular entities), which is of the type OMO:0003004 (plural form)" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A synonym type for describing pluralization synonyms" .


bfo:OMO_0003005 bfo:IAO_0000112 "CHEBI:16189 (sulfate) has an exact synonym (sulphate), which is of the type OMO:0003005 (UK spelling synonym)" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A synonym type for describing UK spelling variants" .


bfo:OMO_0003006 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A synonym type for common misspellings" .


bfo:OMO_0003007 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A synonym type for misnomers, i.e., a synonym that is not technically correct but is commonly used anyway" .


bfo:OMO_0003008 bfo:IAO_0000112 "MAPT, the gene that encodes the Tau protein, has a previous name DDPAC. Note: in this case, the name type is more specifically the gene symbol." ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A synonym type for names that have been used as primary labels in the past." .


bfo:OMO_0003009 bfo:IAO_0000112 "The legal name for Harvard University (https://ror.org/03vek6s52) is President and Fellows of Harvard College" ;
                bfo:IAO_0000115 "A synonym type for the legal entity name" .


bfo:PATO_0000001 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:PATO_0000001 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities" ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "PATOC:GVG"
 ] .


bfo:PATO_0000402 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A branchiness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having branches." ;
                 oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "ramified" ,
                                          "ramiform" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:PATO_0000402 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A branchiness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having branches." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "WordNet:WordNet"
 ] .


bfo:PATO_0001199 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrow, with the two opposite margins parallel." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:PATO_0001199 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrow, with the two opposite margins parallel." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "ISBN:0881923214"
 ] .


bfo:PATO_0001470 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude in respect to a related entity." ;
                 oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "proportion" ,
                                          "proportionality" ,
                                          "quotient" ,
                                          "ratio" ;
                 oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "rate" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:PATO_0001470 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude in respect to a related entity." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "PATOC:nw"
 ] .


bfo:PATO_0002124 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:PATO_0002124 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "PATOC:GVG"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0000056 bfo:IAO_0000111 "participates in"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000112 "this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation"@en ,
                               "this input material (or this output material) participates in this process"@en ,
                               "this investigator participates in this investigation"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "participates_in"@en .


bfo:RO_0000057 bfo:IAO_0000111 "has participant"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000112 "this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot"@en ,
                               "this investigation has participant this investigator"@en ,
                               "this process has participant this input material (or this output material)"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has_participant"@en .


bfo:RO_0000058 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant)."@en ,
                               "An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process)."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants."@en .


bfo:RO_0000059 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant)."@en ,
                               "An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process)."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant."@en .


bfo:RO_0000300 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "OBSOLETE A relation that holds between two neurons connected directly via a synapse, or indirectly via a series of synaptically connected neurons."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0000301 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "OBSOLETE A relation that holds between a neuron that is synapsed_to another neuron or a neuron that is connected indirectly to another by a chain of neurons, each synapsed_to the next, in which the direction is from the last to the first."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0000302 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "OBSOLETE A relation that holds between a neuron that is synapsed_by another neuron or a neuron that is connected indirectly to another by a chain of neurons, each synapsed_by the next, in which the direction is from the last to the first."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0001000 bfo:IAO_0000112 "this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)"@en ,
                               "this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "derives_from"@en .


bfo:RO_0001001 bfo:IAO_0000112 "this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)"@en ,
                               "this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "derives_into"@en .


bfo:RO_0001015 bfo:IAO_0000111 "is location of"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000112 "my head is the location of my brain"@en ,
                               "this cage is the location of this rat"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "location_of"@en .


bfo:RO_0001018 bfo:IAO_0000111 "contained in"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation.    If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows:    c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition):"@en ,
                               "Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "contained_in"@en .


bfo:RO_0001019 bfo:IAO_0000111 "contains"@en .


bfo:RO_0001020 bfo:IAO_0000112 "penicillin (CHEBI:17334) is allergic trigger for penicillin allergy (DOID:0060520)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a material entity and a condition (a phenotype or disease) of a host, in which the material entity is not part of the host, and is considered harmless to non-allergic hosts, and the condition results in pathological processes that include an abnormally strong immune response against the material entity." .


bfo:RO_0001021 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a material entity and a condition (a phenotype or disease) of a host, in which the material entity is part of the host itself, and the condition results in pathological processes that include an abnormally strong immune response against the material entity." .


bfo:RO_0001022 bfo:IAO_0000112 "penicillin allergy (DOID:0060520) has allergic trigger penicillin (CHEBI:17334)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a condition (a phenotype or disease) of a host and a material entity, in which the material entity is not part of the host, and is considered harmless to non-allergic hosts, and the condition results in pathological processes that include an abnormally strong immune response against the material entity." .


bfo:RO_0001023 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a condition (a phenotype or disease) of a host and a material entity, in which the material entity is part of the host itself, and the condition results in pathological processes that include an abnormally strong immune response against the material entity." .


bfo:RO_0001901 bfo:IAO_0000115 """## Elucidation

This is used when the statement/axiom is assumed to hold true &apos;eternally&apos;

## How to interpret (informal)

First the &quot;atemporal&quot; FOL is derived from the OWL using the standard
interpretation. This axiom is temporalized by embedding the axiom
within a for-all-times quantified sentence. The t argument is added to
all instantiation predicates and predicates that use this relation.

## Example

    Class: nucleus
    SubClassOf: part_of some cell

    forall t :
      forall n :
        instance_of(n,Nucleus,t)
         implies
        exists c :
          instance_of(c,Cell,t)
          part_of(n,c,t)

## Notes

This interpretation is *not* the same as an at-all-times relation""" .


bfo:RO_0001902 bfo:IAO_0000115 """## Elucidation

This is used when the first-order logic form of the relation is
binary, and takes no temporal argument.

## Example:

    Class: limb
    SubClassOf: develops_from some lateral-plate-mesoderm

     forall t, t2:
      forall x :
        instance_of(x,Limb,t)
         implies
        exists y :
          instance_of(y,LPM,t2)
          develops_from(x,y)""" .


bfo:RO_0002000 bfo:IAO_0000112 "the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts."@en ,
                               "Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "2D_boundary_of"@en ,
                               "boundary of"@en ,
                               "is 2D boundary of"@en ,
                               "is boundary of"@en ,
                               "surface of"@en .


bfo:RO_0002001 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "May be obsoleted, see https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/260" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002002 bfo:IAO_0000112 "my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts."@en ,
                               "Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has boundary"@en ,
                               "has_2D_boundary"@en .


bfo:RO_0002003 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation that holds between two neurons that are electrically coupled via gap junctions." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002004 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The relationship that holds between a trachea or tracheole and an antomical structure that is contained in (and so provides an oxygen supply to)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002005 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002006 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002007 bfo:IAO_0000115 """X outer_layer_of Y iff:
. X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar
. X part_of Y
. exists Z :surface
. X has_boundary Z
. Z boundary_of Y

has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002
boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000""" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002008 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation that holds between two linear structures that are approximately parallel to each other for their entire length and where either the two structures are adjacent to each other or one is part of the other." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Note from NCEAS meeting: consider changing primary label" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002009 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation that applies between a cell(c) and a gene(g) , where the process of 'transcription, DNA templated (GO_0006351)' is occuring in in cell c and that process has input gene g." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002010 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x 'regulates in other organism' y if and only if: (x is the realization of a function to exert an effect on the frequency, rate or extent of y) AND (the agents of x are produced by organism o1 and the agents of y are produced by organism o2)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "regulates in other organism" .


bfo:RO_0002011 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between a  process that regulates a transport process and the entity transported by that process." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002012 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A part of relation that applies only between occurrents." .


bfo:RO_0002013 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B." .


bfo:RO_0002014 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole.  More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B." .


bfo:RO_0002015 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole.  More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B." .


bfo:RO_0002018 bfo:IAO_0000115 "w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes,  w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type." .


bfo:RO_0002019 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between between a receptor and an chemical entity, typically a small molecule or peptide, that carries information between cells or compartments of a cell and which binds the receptor and regulates its effector function." .


bfo:RO_0002020 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between p and c when p is a transport process or transporter activity and the outcome of this p is to move c from one location to another." .


bfo:RO_0002021 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a process and a barrier, where the process occurs in a region spanning the barrier. For cellular processes the barrier is typically a membrane. Examples include transport across a membrane and membrane depolarization." .


bfo:RO_0002023 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2).  For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding  negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0002023 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2).  For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding  negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172>
 ] .


bfo:RO_0002024 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2).  For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0002024 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2).  For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172>
 ] .


bfo:RO_0002025 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674),  A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B.  Each compound function has only one effector activity." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0002025 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674),  A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B.  Each compound function has only one effector activity." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172>
 ] .


bfo:RO_0002026 bfo:IAO_0000115 """A relationship that holds between two images, A and B, where:
A depicts X;
B depicts Y;
X and Y are both of type T'
C is a 2 layer image consiting of layers A and B;
A and B are aligned in C according to a shared co-ordinate framework so that common features of X and Y are co-incident with each other.
Note: A and B may be 2D or 3D.
Examples include: the relationship between two channels collected simultaneously from a confocal microscope; the relationship between an image dpeicting X and a painted annotation layer that delineates regions of X; the relationship between the tracing of a neuron on an EM stack and the co-ordinate space of the stack; the relationship between two separately collected images that have been brought into register via some image registration software.""" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0002026 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget """A relationship that holds between two images, A and B, where:
A depicts X;
B depicts Y;
X and Y are both of type T'
C is a 2 layer image consiting of layers A and B;
A and B are aligned in C according to a shared co-ordinate framework so that common features of X and Y are co-incident with each other.
Note: A and B may be 2D or 3D.
Examples include: the relationship between two channels collected simultaneously from a confocal microscope; the relationship between an image dpeicting X and a painted annotation layer that delineates regions of X; the relationship between the tracing of a neuron on an EM stack and the co-ordinate space of the stack; the relationship between two separately collected images that have been brought into register via some image registration software.""" ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172>
 ] .


bfo:RO_0002029 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Then percentage of organisms in a population that die during some specified age range (age-specific mortality rate), minus the percentage that die in during the same age range in a wild-type population." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0002029 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Then percentage of organisms in a population that die during some specified age range (age-specific mortality rate), minus the percentage that die in during the same age range in a wild-type population." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "PMID:24138933" ,
                      "Wikipedia:Infant_mortality"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0002081 bfo:IAO_0000117 "David Osumi-Sutherland" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "<="@en .


bfo:RO_0002082 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ,
                               "David Osumi-Sutherland" .


bfo:RO_0002083 bfo:IAO_0000117 "David Osumi-Sutherland" .


bfo:RO_0002084 bfo:IAO_0000117 "David Osumi-Sutherland" .


bfo:RO_0002085 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "di" .


bfo:RO_0002086 bfo:IAO_0000117 "David Osumi-Sutherland" .


bfo:RO_0002087 bfo:IAO_0000117 "David Osumi-Sutherland" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "starts_at_end_of" .


bfo:RO_0002088 bfo:IAO_0000117 "David Osumi-Sutherland" .


bfo:RO_0002089 bfo:IAO_0000117 "David Osumi-Sutherland" .


bfo:RO_0002090 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ,
                               "David Osumi-Sutherland" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "ends_at_start_of" ,
                               "meets" .


bfo:RO_0002091 bfo:IAO_0000117 "David Osumi-Sutherland" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "io" .


bfo:RO_0002092 bfo:IAO_0000117 "David Osumi-Sutherland" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "d" ,
                               "during" .


bfo:RO_0002093 bfo:IAO_0000117 "David Osumi-Sutherland" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "o" ,
                               "overlaps" .


bfo:RO_0002100 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relation between a neuron and a material anatomical entity that its soma is part of."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002101 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 """relationship between a neuron and a neuron projection bundle (e.g.- tract or nerve bundle) that one or more of its projections travels through.
"""@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "fasciculates with" .


bfo:RO_0002102 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relation between a neuron and some structure its axon forms (chemical) synapses in."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002103 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relation between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that chemically synapses to it. "@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002104 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Every B cell[CL_0000236] has plasma membrane part some immunoglobulin complex[GO_0019814]"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between a cell c and a protein complex or protein p if and only if that cell has as part a plasma_membrane[GO:0005886], and that plasma membrane has p as part." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-8331> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1617-8244> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19243617> .


bfo:RO_0002105 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a motor neuron and a muscle that it synapses to via a type Ib bouton." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002106 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a motor neuron and a muscle that it synapses to via a type Is bouton." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002107 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a motor neuron and a muscle that it synapses to via a type II bouton." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002108 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relation between a muscle and a motor neuron that synapses to it via a type II bouton." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002109 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relation between a muscle and a motor neuron that synapses to it via a type Ib bouton." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002110 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relation between a neuron and some structure (e.g.- a brain region) in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input. "@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "synapsed in"@en .


bfo:RO_0002111 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has neurotransmitter" .


bfo:RO_0002112 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relation between a muscle and a motor neuron that synapses to it via a type Is bouton." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002113 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relation between a neuron and some structure (e.g.- a brain region) in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "synapses in"@en .


bfo:RO_0002114 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a motor neuron and a muscle that it synapses to via a type III bouton." .


bfo:RO_0002115 bfo:IAO_0000115 """Relation between a muscle and a motor neuron that synapses to it via a type III bouton.
""" .


bfo:RO_0002120 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 """ Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure (including cells) that it chemically synapses to.
        """@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002121 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 """Relation between a neuron and some structure  (e.g.- a brain region) in which its dendrite receives synaptic input.

	"""@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002130 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A general relation between a neuron and some structure in which it either chemically synapses to some target or in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has synapse in" .


bfo:RO_0002131 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y" .


bfo:RO_0002132 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "The relation between a neuron projection bundle and a neuron projection that is fasciculated with it."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has fasciculating component"@en .


bfo:RO_0002134 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 """Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input.
T innervates some R
Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R."""@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> .


bfo:RO_0002150 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "connected to" .


bfo:RO_0002151 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x partially overlaps y iff there exists some z such that z is part of x and z is part of y, and it is also the case that neither x is part of y or y is part of x" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "We would like to include disjointness axioms with part_of and has_part, however this is not possible in OWL2 as these are non-simple properties and hence cannot appear in a disjointness axiom" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "proper overlaps" .


bfo:RO_0002156 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "d derived_by_descent_from a if d is specified by some genetic program that is sequence-inherited-from a genetic program that specifies a." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "ancestral_stucture_of" ,
                               "evolutionarily_descended_from" .


bfo:RO_0002157 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of derived by descent from" .


bfo:RO_0002158 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "two individual entities d1 and d2 stand in a shares_ancestor_with relation if and only if there exists some a such that d1 derived_by_descent_from a and d2 derived_by_descent_from a." .


bfo:RO_0002159 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 .


bfo:RO_0002160 bfo:IAO_0000112 "lactation SubClassOf 'only in taxon' some 'Mammalia'" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 """The original intent was to treat this as a macro that expands to 'in taxon' only ?Y - however, this is not necessary if we instead have supplemental axioms that state that each pair of sibling tax have a disjointness axiom using the 'in taxon' property - e.g.

 'in taxon' some Eukaryota DisjointWith 'in taxon' some Eubacteria""" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17921072> ,
                               <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20973947> .


bfo:RO_0002161 bfo:IAO_0000112 "tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves'" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression \"in taxon some T\". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17921072> ,
                               <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20973947> .


bfo:RO_0002162 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-417X> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17921072> ,
                               <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20973947> .


bfo:RO_0002170 bfo:IAO_0000112 "a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293552> .


bfo:RO_0002171 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A is mutually_spatially_disjoint_with B if both A and B are classes, and there exists no p such that p is part_of some A and p is part_of some B." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "non-overlapping with" ,
                               "shares no parts with" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293552> .


bfo:RO_0002172 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An assertion that holds between an ontology class and an organism taxon class, which is intepreted to yield some relationship between instances of the ontology class and the taxon." .


bfo:RO_0002173 bfo:IAO_0000115 "S ambiguous_for_taxon T if the class S does not have a clear referent in taxon T. An example would be the class 'manual digit 1', which encompasses a homology hypotheses that is accepted for some species (e.g. human and mouse), but does not have a clear referent in Aves - the referent is dependent on the hypothesis embraced, and also on the ontogenetic stage.  [PHENOSCPAE:asilomar_mtg]" .


bfo:RO_0002174 bfo:IAO_0000115 "S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293552> .


bfo:RO_0002175 bfo:IAO_0000115 "S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293552> .


bfo:RO_0002176 bfo:IAO_0000112 "The M8 connects Glasgow and Edinburgh" ,
                               "a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293552> .


bfo:RO_0002177 bfo:IAO_0000115 "a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b." .


bfo:RO_0002178 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relation between an arterial structure and another structure, where the arterial structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between an artery and an anatomical structure" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064205> .


bfo:RO_0002179 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between a vein and an anatomical structure" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064205> .


bfo:RO_0002180 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity." .


bfo:RO_0002200 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between a biological entity and a phenotype. Here a phenotype is construed broadly as any kind of quality of an organism part, a collection of these qualities, or a change in quality or qualities (e.g. abnormally increased temperature). The subject of this relationship can be an organism (where the organism has the phenotype, i.e. the qualities inhere in parts of this organism), a genomic entity such as a gene or genotype (if modifications of the gene or the genotype causes the phenotype), or a condition such as a disease (such that if the condition inheres in an organism, then the organism has the phenotype)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002201 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of has phenotype" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002202 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-3228> .


bfo:RO_0002203 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of develops from" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-3228> .


bfo:RO_0002204 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "definition \"x has gene product of y if and only if y is a gene (SO:0000704) that participates in some gene expression process (GO:0010467) where the output of that process is either y or something that is ribosomally translated from x\"" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "We would like to be able to express the rule: if t transcribed from g, and t is a noncoding RNA and has an evolved function, then t has gene product g." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002205 bfo:IAO_0000112 "every HOTAIR lncRNA is the gene product of some HOXC gene" ,
                               "every sonic hedgehog protein (PR:000014841) is the gene product of some sonic hedgehog gene" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x has gene product y if and only if x is a gene (SO:0000704) that participates in some gene expression process (GO:0010467) where the output of that process is either y or something that is ribosomally translated from y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002206 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'neural crest cell'  SubClassOf expresses some 'Wnt1 gene'" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x expressed in y if and only if there is a gene expression process (GO:0010467) that occurs in y, and one of the following holds: (i) x is a gene, and x is transcribed into a transcript as part of the gene expression process (ii) x is a transcript, and the transcription of x is part of the gene expression process (iii) x is a mature gene product such as a protein, and x was translated or otherwise processes from a transcript that was transcribed as part of this gene expression process" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002207 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "FBbt" ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "has developmental precursor" .


bfo:RO_0002208 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A parasite that kills or sterilizes its host" .


bfo:RO_0002209 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of parasitoid of" .


bfo:RO_0002210 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of directly develops from" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "developmental precursor of" .


bfo:RO_0002211 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-6306> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-8864> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> ,
                               "GO" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000600 "false"^^xsd:boolean .


bfo:RO_0002212 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002213 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002214 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'human p53 protein' SubClassOf some ('has prototype' some ('participates in' some 'DNA repair'))" ,
                               "heart SubClassOf 'has prototype' some ('participates in' some 'blood circulation')" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x has prototype y if and only if x is an instance of C and y is a prototypical instance of C. For example, every instance of heart, both normal and abnormal is related by the has prototype relation to some instance of a \"canonical\" heart, which participates in blood circulation." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Experimental. In future there may be a formalization in which this relation is treated as a shortcut to some modal logic axiom. We may decide to obsolete this and adopt a more specific evolutionary relationship (e.g. evolved from)" ,
                               "TODO: add homeomorphy axiom" ,
                               "This property can be used to make weaker forms of certain relations by chaining an additional property. For example, we may say: retina SubClassOf has_prototype some 'detection of light'. i.e. every retina is related to a prototypical retina instance which is detecting some light. Note that this is very similar to 'capable of', but this relation affords a wider flexibility. E.g. we can make a relation between continuants." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002215 bfo:IAO_0000112 "mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974)" ,
                               "osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption'" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. " ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has function realized in" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20123131> ,
                               <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21208450> .


bfo:RO_0002216 bfo:IAO_0000115 "c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has function in" .


bfo:RO_0002217 bfo:IAO_0000115 "OBSOLETE x actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "agent in" .


bfo:RO_0002218 bfo:IAO_0000115 "OBSOLETE x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has agent" .


bfo:RO_0002219 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002220 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts." ,
                               "The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis." ,
                               "The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies." ,
                               "The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "This relation acts as a join point with BSPO" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0002220 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000112 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts." ;
   rdfs:seeAlso <https://github.com/jhpoelen/eol-globi-data/issues/225#issuecomment-218584934>
 ] .


bfo:RO_0002221 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of surrounded by" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002222 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen%27s_interval_algebra> .


bfo:RO_0002223 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of starts with" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               "Chris Mungall" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "Allen" .


bfo:RO_0002224 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               "Chris Mungall" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "started by" .


bfo:RO_0002225 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002226 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "EHDAA2" ,
                               "Jonathan Bard, EHDAA2" .


bfo:RO_0002227 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A sub-relation of parasite-of in which the parasite that cannot complete its life cycle without a host." .


bfo:RO_0002228 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A sub-relations of parasite-of in which the parasite that can complete its life cycle independent of a host." .


bfo:RO_0002229 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of ends with" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               "Chris Mungall" .


bfo:RO_0002230 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               "Chris Mungall" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "finished by" .


bfo:RO_0002231 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "starts with process that occurs in" .


bfo:RO_0002232 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "ends with process that occurs in" .


bfo:RO_0002233 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "consumes" .


bfo:RO_0002234 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "produces" .


bfo:RO_0002235 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A parasite-of relationship in which the host is a plant and the parasite that attaches to the host stem (PO:0009047)" .


bfo:RO_0002236 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A parasite-of relationship in which the host is a plant and the parasite that attaches to the host root (PO:0009005)" .


bfo:RO_0002237 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A sub-relation of parasite-of in which the parasite is a plant, and the parasite is parasitic under natural conditions and is also photosynthetic to some degree. Hemiparasites may just obtain water and mineral nutrients from the host plant. Many obtain at least part of their organic nutrients from the host as well." .


bfo:RO_0002238 bfo:IAO_0000115 "X 'has component participant' Y means X 'has participant' Y and there is a cardinality constraint that specifies the numbers of Ys." .


bfo:RO_0002240 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A broad relationship between an exposure event or process and any entity (e.g., an organism, organism population, or an organism part) that interacts with an exposure stimulus during the exposure event." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "ExO:0000001" .


bfo:RO_0002241 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A broad relationship between an exposure event or process and any agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causes stress or tension on an organism and interacts with an exposure receptor during an exposure event." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "ExO:0000000" .


bfo:RO_0002242 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A broad relationship between an exposure event or process and a process by which the exposure stressor comes into contact with the exposure receptor" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "ExO:0000055" .


bfo:RO_0002243 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A broad relationship between an exposure event or process and the course takes from the source to the target." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000004"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002244 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Any relationship between an exposure event or process and any other entity." .


bfo:RO_0002245 bfo:IAO_0000115 "g is over-expressed in t iff g is expressed in t, and the expression level of g is increased relative to some background." .


bfo:RO_0002246 bfo:IAO_0000115 "g is under-expressed in t iff g is expressed in t, and the expression level of g is decreased relative to some background." .


bfo:RO_0002248 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Any portion of roundup 'has active ingredient' some glyphosate" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between a substance and a chemical entity, if the chemical entity is part of the substance, and the chemical entity forms the biologically active component of the substance." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "has active substance" ;
               oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "has active pharmaceutical ingredient" .


bfo:RO_0002249 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of has active ingredient" .


bfo:RO_0002252 bfo:IAO_0000112 "In the tree T depicted in https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/branching_part_of.png, B1 is connecting branch of S, and B1-1 as a connecting branch of B1." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "b connecting-branch-of s iff b is connected to s, and there exists some tree-like structure t such that the mereological sum of b plus s is either the same as t or a branching-part-of t." .


bfo:RO_0002253 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of connecting branch of" .


bfo:RO_0002254 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong]" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002255 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of has developmental contribution from" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002256 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor material anatomical entity type T to T', where T' develops_from T" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "induced by" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064205> ,
                               " Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F)" ,
                               "GO:0001759" .


bfo:RO_0002257 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Inverse of developmentally induced by"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002258 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "false"^^xsd:boolean ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002260 bfo:IAO_0000115 "c has-biological-role r iff c has-role r and r is a biological role (CHEBI:24432)" .


bfo:RO_0002261 bfo:IAO_0000115 "c has-application-role r iff c has-role r and r is an application role (CHEBI:33232)" .


bfo:RO_0002262 bfo:IAO_0000115 "c has-chemical-role r iff c has-role r and r is a chemical role (CHEBI:51086)" .


bfo:RO_0002263 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes." .


bfo:RO_0002264 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process." ;
               oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "affects" .


bfo:RO_0002285 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x developmentally replaces y if and only if there is some developmental process that causes x to move or to cease to exist, and for the site that was occupied by x to become occupied by y, where y either comes into existence in this site or moves to this site from somewhere else" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "This relation is intended for cases such as when we have a bone element replacing its cartilage element precursor. Currently most AOs represent this using 'develops from'. We need to decide whether 'develops from' will be generic and encompass replacement, or whether we need a new name for a generic relation that encompasses replacement and development-via-cell-lineage" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "replaces" .


bfo:RO_0002286 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Inverse of developmentally preceded by" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002287 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002291 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is ubiquitously expressed in y if and only if x is expressed in y, and the majority of cells in y express x" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Revisit this term after coordinating with SO/SOM. The domain of this relation should be a sequence, as an instance of a DNA molecule is only expressed in the cell of which it is a part." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002292 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "y expresses x if and only if there is a gene expression process (GO:0010467) that occurs in y, and one of the following holds: (i) x is a gene, and x is transcribed into a transcript as part of the gene expression process (ii) x is a transcript, and x was transcribed from a gene as part of the gene expression process (iii) x is a mature gene product (protein or RNA), and x was translated or otherwise processed from a transcript that was transcribed as part of the gene expression process." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002293 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of ubiquiotously expressed in" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002295 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002296 bfo:IAO_0000112 "every flower development (GO:0009908) results in development of some flower (PO:0009046)"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "p 'results in development of' c if and only if p is a developmental process and p results in the state of c changing from its initial state as a primordium or anlage through its mature state and to its final state." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.geneontology.org/GO.doc.development.shtml"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002297 bfo:IAO_0000112 "every \"endocardial cushion formation\" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some \"endocardial cushion\" (UBERON:0002062)"@en ,
                               "an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013" .


bfo:RO_0002298 bfo:IAO_0000112 "tongue morphogenesis (GO:0043587) results in morphogenesis of tongue (UBERON:0001723)"@en ,
                               "an annotation of gene X to cell morphogenesis with results_in_morphogenesis_of CL:0000540 (neuron) means that at the end of the process an input neuron has attained its shape." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "The relationship that links an entity with the process that results in the formation and shaping of that entity over time from an immature to a mature state." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013" .


bfo:RO_0002299 bfo:IAO_0000112 "bone maturation (GO:0070977) results_in_maturation_of bone (UBERON:0001474)"@en ,
                               " an annotation of gene X to cell maturation with results_in_maturation_of CL:0000057 (fibroblast) means that the fibroblast is mature at the end of the process" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "The relationship that links an entity with a process that results in the progression of the entity over time that is independent of changes in it's shape and results in an end point state of that entity." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013" .


bfo:RO_0002300 bfo:IAO_0000112 "foramen ovale closure SubClassOf results in disappearance of foramen ovale" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002301 bfo:IAO_0000112 "every mullerian duct regression (GO:0001880) results in regression of some mullerian duct (UBERON:0003890)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002302 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Inverse of 'is substance that treats'" .


bfo:RO_0002303 bfo:IAO_0000112 """Hydrozoa (NCBITaxon_6074) SubClassOf 'has habitat' some 'Hydrozoa habitat'
where
'Hydrozoa habitat' SubClassOf overlaps some ('marine environment' (ENVO_00000569) and 'freshwater environment' (ENVO_01000306) and 'wetland' (ENVO_00000043)) and 'has part' some (freshwater (ENVO_00002011) or 'sea water' (ENVO_00002149)) -- http://eol.org/pages/1795/overview""" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x 'has habitat' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is a habitat, and y can sustain and allow the growth of a population of xs." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "adapted for living in" .


bfo:RO_0002304 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q." .


bfo:RO_0002305 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q." .


bfo:RO_0002309 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between an exposure event or process and any agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causally effects an organism and interacts with an exposure receptor during an exposure event." .


bfo:RO_0002310 bfo:IAO_0000112 "An exposure event in which a plant is provided with fertilizer. The exposure receptor is the root system of the plant, the stimulus is the fertilizing chemical, the route is via the soil, possibly mediated by symbotic microbes."^^xsd:anyURI ,
                               "An exposure event in which a human is exposed to particulate matter in the air. Here the exposure stimulus/stress is the particulate matter, the receptor is the airways and lungs of the human," ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "OBSOLETE A process occurring within or in the vicinity of an organism that exerts some causal influence on the organism via the interaction between an exposure stimulus and an exposure receptor. The exposure stimulus may be a process, material entity or condition (for example, lack of nutrients). The exposure receptor can be an organism, organism population or a part of an organism." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "This class is intended as a grouping for various domain and species-specific exposure classes. The ExO class http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000002 'exposure event' assumes that all exposures involve stressors, which limits the applicability of this class to 'positive' exposures, e.g. exposing a plant to beneficial growing conditions." .


bfo:RO_0002312 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002313 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between p and c when p is a localization process (localization covers maintenance of localization as well as its establishment)  and the outcome of this process is to regulate the localization of c." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "regulates localization of" .


bfo:RO_0002315 bfo:IAO_0000112 "an annotation of gene X to cell differentiation with results_in_maturation_of CL:0000057 (fibroblast) means that at the end of the process the input cell that did not have features of a fibroblast, now has the features of a fibroblast." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "The relationship that links a specified entity with the process that results in an unspecified entity acquiring the features and characteristics of the specified entity" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013" .


bfo:RO_0002320 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds via some environmental process" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002321 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Awaiting class for domain/range constraint, see: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/Experimental-OBO-Core/issues/6" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002322 bfo:IAO_0000116 "An experimental relation currently used to connect a feature possessed by an organism (e.g. anatomical structure, biological process, phenotype or quality) to a habitat or environment in which that feature is well suited, adapted or provides a reproductive advantage for the organism. For example, fins to an aquatic environment. Usually this will mean that the structure is adapted for this environment, but we avoid saying this directly - primitive forms of the structure may not have evolved specifically for that environment (for example, early wings were not necessarily adapted for an aerial environment). Note also that this is a statement about the general class of structures - not every instance of a limb need confer an advantage for a terrestrial environment, e.g. if the limb is vestigial." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "adapted for" .


bfo:RO_0002324 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002325 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Clp1p relocalizes from the nucleolus to the spindle and site of cell division; i.e. it is associated transiently with the spindle pole body and the contractile ring (evidence from GFP fusion). Clp1p colocalizes_with spindle pole body (GO:0005816) and contractile ring (GO:0005826)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a colocalizes_with b if and only if  a is transiently or peripherally associated with b[GO]." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002326 bfo:IAO_0000112 "ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in Arabidopsis: it is a heterooctamer, composed of two types of subunits, ACLA and ACLB in a A(4)B(4) stoichiometry. Neither of the subunits expressed alone give ACL activity, but co-expression results in ACL activity. Both subunits contribute_to the ATP citrate lyase activity." ,
                               "Subunits of nuclear RNA polymerases: none of the individual subunits have RNA polymerase activity, yet all of these subunits contribute_to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity." ,
                               "eIF2: has three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma); one binds GTP; one binds RNA; the whole complex binds the ribosome (all three subunits are required for ribosome binding). So one subunit is annotated to GTP binding and one to RNA binding without qualifiers, and all three stand in the contributes_to relationship to \"ribosome binding\". And all three are part_of an eIF2 complex" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 """We would like to say

if and only if
 exists c', p'
  c part_of c' and c' capable_of p
   and
  c capable_of p' and p' part_of p
then
 c contributes_to p

However, this is not possible in OWL. We instead make this relation a sub-relation of the two chains, which gives us the inference in the one direction.""" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002327 bfo:IAO_0000112 "a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "catalyzes" ,
                               "executes" ,
                               "has" ,
                               "is catalyzing" ,
                               "is executing" .


bfo:RO_0002328 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002329 bfo:IAO_0000115 "this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "false"^^xsd:boolean .


bfo:RO_0002330 bfo:IAO_0000115 "holds between two entities when some genome-level process such as gene expression is involved. This includes transcriptional, spliceosomal events. These relations can be used between either macromolecule entities (such as regions of nucleic acid) or between their abstract informational counterparts." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002331 bfo:IAO_0000115 "c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "actively involved in" ,
                               "enables part of" .


bfo:RO_0002332 bfo:IAO_0000112 "every cellular sphingolipid homeostasis process regulates_level_of some sphingolipid" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "p regulates levels of c if p regulates some amount (PATO:0000070) of c" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002333 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of enables" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002334 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of regulates" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002335 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of negatively regulates" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002336 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of positively regulates" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002337 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds via some process of localization" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002338 bfo:IAO_0000115 "This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from some initial location l to some destination." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002339 bfo:IAO_0000115 "This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from a an initial location to some destination l." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002340 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between p and c when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c to a destination that is part of some s, where the start location of c is part of the region that surrounds s." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002341 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between p and l when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that is aligned_with l " ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002342 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between p and m when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that crosses m." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002343 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'pollen tube growth' results_in growth_of some 'pollen tube'" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002344 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'mitochondrial transport' results_in_transport_to_from_or_in some  mitochondrion (GO:0005739)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002345 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between p and c when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c to a destination that is part of some s, where the end location of c is part of the region that surrounds s." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002348 bfo:IAO_0000112 "an annotation of gene X to cell commitment with results_in_commitment_to CL:0000540 (neuron) means that at the end of the process an unspecified cell has been specified and determined to develop into a neuron." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "p 'results in commitment to' c if and only if p is a developmental process and c is a cell and p results in the state of c changing such that is can only develop into a single cell type." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002349 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p 'results in determination of' c if and only if p is a developmental process and c is a cell and p results in the state of c changing to be determined. Once a cell becomes determined, it becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002350 bfo:IAO_0000112 "An organism that is a member of a population of organisms" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "is member of" ,
                               "member part of" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "SIO" .


bfo:RO_0002351 bfo:IAO_0000115 "has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "SIO" .


bfo:RO_0002352 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of has input" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002353 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of has output" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002354 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002355 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a process and an anatomical entity such that the process contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the anatomical entity." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002356 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The relationship linking a cell and its participation in a process that results in the fate of the cell being specified. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. " ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002357 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p results in developmental induction of c if and only if p is a collection of cell-cell signaling processes that signal to a neighbouring tissue that is the precursor of the mature c, where the signaling results in the commitment to cell types necessary for the formation of c." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002360 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002371 bfo:IAO_0000115 "a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002372 bfo:IAO_0000115 "m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attached_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy)"@en .


bfo:RO_0002373 bfo:IAO_0000115 "m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy)"@en .


bfo:RO_0002374 bfo:IAO_0000112 "false"^^xsd:boolean ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x has_fused_element y iff: there exists some z : x has_part z, z homologous_to y, and y is a distinct element, the boundary between x and z is largely fiat"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293552> ;
               oboInOwl:hasBroadSynonym "has fused element" .


bfo:RO_0002375 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002376 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River" ,
                               "inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "drains into" ,
                               "drains to" ,
                               "tributary channel of" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary" ,
                               "http://www.medindia.net/glossary/venous_tributary.htm" .


bfo:RO_0002377 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Deschutes River distributary_of Little Lava Lake" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x distributary_of y if and only if x is capable of channeling the flow of a substance to y, where y channels less of the substance than x" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "branch of" ,
                               "distributary channel of" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary" .


bfo:RO_0002378 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x anabranch_of y if x is a distributary of y (i.e. it channels a from a larger flow from y) and x ultimately channels the flow back into y." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "anastomoses with" .


bfo:RO_0002379 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A lump of clay and a statue" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002380 bfo:IAO_0000112 "In the tree T depicted in https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/branching_part_of.png, B1 is a (direct) branching part of T. B1-1, B1-2, and B1-3 are also branching parts of T, but these are considered indirect branching parts as they do not directly connect to the main stem S" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is a branching part of y if and only if x is part of y and x is connected directly or indirectly to the main stem of y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002381 bfo:IAO_0000112 "In the tree T depicted in https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/branching_part_of.png, S is the main stem of T. There are no other main stems. If we were to slice off S to get a new tree T', rooted at the root of B1, then B1 would be the main stem of T'." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x main_stem_of y if y is a branching structure and x is a channel that traces a linear path through y, such that x has higher capacity than any other such path." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002382 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x proper_distributary_of y iff x distributary_of y and x does not flow back into y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002383 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x proper_tributary_of y iff x tributary_of y and x does not originate from y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002384 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction)."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002385 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002386 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x has potential to developmentally induce y iff x developmentally induces y or x is capable of developmentally inducing y"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002387 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002388 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002400 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'protein catabolic process' SubClassOf has_direct_input some protein" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "p has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "directly consumes" .


bfo:RO_0002401 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002402 bfo:IAO_0000112 "translation SubClassOf has_direct_output some protein" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "p has direct input c iff c is a participanti n p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of c. " ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "directly produces" .


bfo:RO_0002403 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002404 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of upstream of" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002405 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002407 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "indirectly activates" .


bfo:RO_0002409 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "indirectly inhibits" .


bfo:RO_0002410 bfo:IAO_0000115 "relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 """This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents.

To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives:

 * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? 
 * Is the causal relation regulatory?
 * Is the influence positive or negative?

The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified.

For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule.

For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral.

Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types.""" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0002410 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0002411 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002412 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002413 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p provides input for q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and there exists some c such that p has_output c and q has_input c." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "directly provides input for" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002414 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "transitive form of directly_provides_input_for" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002418 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "influences (processual)" ;
               oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "affects" .


bfo:RO_0002419 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An assertion that holds between an OWL Annotation Property P and a non-negative integer N, with the interpretation: for any P(i j) it must be the case that | { k : P(i k) } | = N." .


bfo:RO_0002420 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a class" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "The domain for this class can be considered to be owl:Class, but we cannot assert this in OWL2-DL" .


bfo:RO_0002424 bfo:IAO_0000116 "false"^^xsd:boolean ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002425 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002426 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002427 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of causally upstream of or within" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002428 bfo:IAO_0000115 "c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002429 bfo:IAO_0000115 "c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002430 bfo:IAO_0000115 "c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002431 bfo:IAO_0000115 "c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "involved in or reguates" .


bfo:RO_0002432 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A protein that enables activity in a cytosol." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d.  Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "executes activity in" ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "enables activity in" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0002432 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d.  Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                      <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172>
 ] .


bfo:RO_0002433 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p contributes to morphology of w if and only if a change in the morphology of p entails a change in the morphology of w. Examples: every skull contributes to morphology of the head which it is a part of. Counter-example: nuclei do not generally contribute to the morphology of the cell they are part of, as they are buffered by cytoplasm." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002434 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with'"^^xsd:anyURI ,
                               "This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "in pairwise interaction with" .


bfo:RO_0002435 bfo:IAO_0000116 "An interaction that holds between two genetic entities (genes, alleles) through some genetic interaction (e.g. epistasis)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002436 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "binds" ,
                               "molecularly binds with" .


bfo:RO_0002437 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An interaction relationship in which at least one of the partners is an organism and the other is either an organism or an abiotic entity with which the organism interacts." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "interacts with on organism level" .


bfo:RO_0002438 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An interaction relationship in which the partners are related via a feeding relationship." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002439 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A wasp killing a Monarch larva in order to feed to offspring [http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/2942824]" ,
                               "Baleen whale preys on krill" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "An interaction relationship involving a predation process, where the subject kills the target in order to eat it or to feed to siblings, offspring or group members" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7134-3324> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-4118> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "is subject of predation interaction with" ,
                               "preys upon" .


bfo:RO_0002440 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A biotic interaction in which the two organisms live together in more or less intimate association." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19278549"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002441 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An interaction relationship between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association in a relationship in which one benefits and the other is unaffected (GO)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19278549"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002442 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An interaction relationship between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association in a relationship in which both organisms benefit from each other (GO)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19278549"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002443 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An interaction relationship between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association in a relationship in which association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms (GO)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19278549"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002444 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Pediculus humanus capitis parasite of human" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A parasite-host relationship where an organism benefits at the expense of another." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "parasitizes" ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "direct parasite of" .


bfo:RO_0002445 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Inverse of parasite of" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has parasite" ,
                               "parasitised by" ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "directly parasitized by" .


bfo:RO_0002446 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Porifiera attaches to substrate" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A biotic interaction relationship in which one partner is an organism and the other partner is inorganic. For example, the relationship between a sponge and the substrate to which is it anchored." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "semibiotically interacts with" .


bfo:RO_0002447 bfo:IAO_0000116 "Axiomatization to GO to be added later" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y." .


bfo:RO_0002448 bfo:IAO_0000115 """The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B.

A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B.""" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "molecularly controls" .


bfo:RO_0002449 bfo:IAO_0000115 """The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. 
For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B.""" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "directly inhibits" ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "molecularly decreases activity of" .


bfo:RO_0002450 bfo:IAO_0000115 """The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. 
For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B.""" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "directly activates" ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "molecularly increases activity of" .


bfo:RO_0002451 bfo:IAO_0000112 "all dengue disease transmitted by some mosquito" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between a disease and organism" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Add domain and range constraints" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002452 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation that holds between a disease or an organism and a phenotype" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002453 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002454 bfo:IAO_0000115 "X 'has host' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is an organism, and x can live on the surface of or within the body of y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002455 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Bees pollinate Flowers" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "This relation is intended to be used for biotic pollination - e.g. a bee pollinating a flowering plant. Some kinds of pollination may be semibiotic - e.g. wind can have the role of pollinator. We would use a separate relation for this." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "is subject of pollination interaction with" .


bfo:RO_0002456 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has polinator" ,
                               "is target of pollination interaction with" .


bfo:RO_0002457 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Inverse of provides nutrients for" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002458 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of preys on" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has predator" ,
                               "is target of predation interaction with" .


bfo:RO_0002459 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Anopheles is a vector for Plasmodium" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "a is a vector for b if a carries and transmits an infectious pathogen b into another living organism" .


bfo:RO_0002460 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002461 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002462 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002463 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002464 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002465 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002466 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002467 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002468 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002469 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A biotic interaction where a material entity provides nutrition for an organism." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002470 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A biotic interaction where one organism consumes a material entity through a type of mouth or other oral opening." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "is subject of eating interaction with" .


bfo:RO_0002471 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Inverse of eats" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "eaten by" ,
                               "is target of eating interaction with" .


bfo:RO_0002472 bfo:IAO_0000115 """A relationship between a piece of evidence a and some entity b, where b is  an information content entity, material entity or process, and 
the a supports either the existence of b, or the truth value of b.""" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002473 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate'" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293552> .


bfo:RO_0002474 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a dispositional interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms or OWL Individuals that use this property are to be interpreted in a dispositional context. For example,  A binds B may be interpreted as A have a mutual disposition that is realized by binding to the other one." .


bfo:RO_0002475 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'pectoral appendage skeleton' has no connections with 'pelvic appendage skeleton'" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A is has_no_connections_with B if there are no parts of A or B that have a connection with the other." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "shares no connection with" .


bfo:RO_0002476 bfo:IAO_0000112 "ABal nucleus child nucleus of ABa nucleus (in C elegans)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "c is a child nucleus of d if and only if c and d are both nuclei and parts of cells c' and d', where c' is derived from d' by mitosis and the genetic material in c is a copy of the generic material in d" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002477 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A child nucleus relationship in which the cells are part of a hermaphroditic organism" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002478 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A child nucleus relationship in which the cells are part of a male organism" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002479 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002480 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Axiomatization to GO to be added later" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002481 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002482 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002484 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Connects an ontology entity (class, property, etc) to a URL from which curator guidance can be obtained. This assertion is inherited in the same manner as functional annotations (e.g. for GO, over SubClassOf and part_of)" .


bfo:RO_0002485 bfo:IAO_0000116 "See notes for inverse relation" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002486 bfo:IAO_0000116 "This is an exploratory relation. The label is taken from the FMA. It needs aligned with the neuron-specific relations such as has postsynaptic terminal in." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002487 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002488 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002489 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x starts ends with y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts with y iff α(x) = α(y)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002490 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y))" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002491 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x exists during y if and only if: 1) the time point at which x begins to exist is after or equal to the time point at which y begins and 2) the time point at which x ceases to exist is before or equal to the point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "exists during" .


bfo:RO_0002492 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002493 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002494 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002495 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002496 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002497 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002500 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002501 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002503 bfo:IAO_0000115 "q towards e2 if and only if q is a relational quality such that q inheres-in some e, and e != e2 and q is dependent on e2" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "This relation is provided in order to support the use of relational qualities such as 'concentration of'; for example, the concentration of C in V is a quality that inheres in V, but pertains to C." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064205> .


bfo:RO_0002504 bfo:IAO_0000112 "brain always_present_in_taxon 'Vertebrata'" ,
                               "forelimb always_present_in_taxon Euarchontoglires" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "S always_present_in_taxon T if every fully formed member of taxon T has part some S, or is an instance of S" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "This is a very strong relation. Often we will not have enough evidence to know for sure that there are no species within a lineage that lack the structure - loss is common in evolution. However, there are some statements we can make with confidence - no vertebrate lineage could persist without a brain or a heart. All primates are limbed. " ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "never lost in" .


bfo:RO_0002505 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate' SubClassOf has_intermediate some diaminopimelate" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "p has intermediate c if and only if p has parts p1, p2 and p1 has output c, and p2 has input c" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has intermediate product" .


bfo:RO_0002506 bfo:IAO_0000116 "The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002507 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "The label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in future" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24330602> .


bfo:RO_0002508 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of determined by" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002509 bfo:IAO_0000115 "s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002510 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is transcribed from y if and only if x is synthesized from template y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002511 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of transcribed from" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002512 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is the ribosomal translation of y if and only if a ribosome reads x through a series of triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activities (GO:0030533) and produces y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002513 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of ribosomal translation of" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002514 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation that holds between two entities that have the property of being sequences or having sequences. " ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002515 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Every UTR is adjacent to a CDS of the same transcript" ,
                               "Two consecutive DNA residues are sequentially adjacent" ,
                               "Two exons on a processed transcript that were previously connected by an intron are adjacent" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is sequentially adjacent to y iff x and y do not overlap and if there are no base units intervening between x and y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002516 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Every CDS has as a start sequence the start codon for that transcript" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x has start sequence y if the start of x is identical to the start of y, and x has y as a subsequence" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "started by" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002517 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of has start sequence" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "starts" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002518 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Every CDS has as an end sequence the stop codon for that transcript (note this follows from the SO definition of CDS, in which stop codons are included)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x has end sequence y if the end of x is identical to the end of y, and x has y as a subsequence" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "ended by" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002519 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of has end sequence" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "ends" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002520 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is a consecutive sequence of y iff x has subsequence y, and all the parts of x are made of zero or more repetitions of y or sequences as the same type as y." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "In the SO paper, this was defined as an instance-type relation" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002521 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Human Shh and Mouse Shh are sequentially aligned, by cirtue of the fact that they derive from the same ancestral sequence." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is sequentially aligned with if a significant portion bases of x and y correspond in terms of their base type and their relative ordering" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002522 bfo:IAO_0000112 "The genomic exons of a transcript bound the sequence of the genomic introns of the same transcript (but the introns are not subsequences of the exons)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x bounds the sequence of y iff the upstream-most part of x is upstream of or coincident with the upstream-most part of y, and the downstream-most part of x is downstream of or coincident with the downstream-most part of y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002523 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of bounds sequence of" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002524 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x has subsequence y iff all of the sequence parts of y are sequence parts of x" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "contains" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226267"^^xsd:anyURI .


bfo:RO_0002525 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of has subsequence" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "contained by" .


bfo:RO_0002526 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x overlaps the sequence of y if and only if x has a subsequence z and z is a subsequence of y." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002527 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x does not overlap the sequence of y if and only if there is no z such that x has a subsequence z and z is a subsequence of y." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "disconnected from" .


bfo:RO_0002528 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of downstream of sequence of" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002529 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is downstream of the sequence of y iff either (1) x and y have sequence units, and all units of x are downstream of all units of y, or (2) x and y are sequence units, and x is either immediately downstream of y, or transitively downstream of y." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002530 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A 3'UTR is immediately downstream of the sequence of the CDS from the same monocistronic transcript" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is immediately downstream of the sequence of y iff either (1) x and y have sequence units, and all units of x are downstream of all units of y, and x is sequentially adjacent to y, or (2) x and y are sequence units, in which case the immediately downstream relation is primitive and defined by context: for DNA bases, y would be adjacent and 5' to y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002531 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A 5'UTR is immediately upstream of the sequence of the CDS from the same monocistronic transcript" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of immediately downstream of" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002532 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Any entity that is ordered in discrete units along a linear axis." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002533 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Any individual unit of a collection of like units arranged in a linear order" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002534 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Any entity that can be divided into parts such that each part is an atomical unit of a sequence" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002539 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Count of number of days intervening between the start of the stage and the time of fertilization according to a reference model. Note that the first day of development has the value of 0 for this property." .


bfo:RO_0002540 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Count of number of days intervening between the end of the stage and the time of fertilization according to a reference model. Note that the first day of development has the value of 1 for this property." .


bfo:RO_0002541 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Count of number of years intervening between the start of the stage and the time of birth according to a reference model. Note that the first year of post-birth development has the value of 0 for this property, and the period during which the child is one year old has the value 1." .


bfo:RO_0002542 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Count of number of years intervening between the end of the stage and the time of birth according to a reference model. Note that the first year of post-birth development has the value of 1 for this property, and the period during which the child is one year old has the value 2" .


bfo:RO_0002543 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Count of number of months intervening between the start of the stage and the time of birth according to a reference model. Note that the first month of post-birth development has the value of 0 for this property, and the period during which the child is one month old has the value 1." .


bfo:RO_0002544 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Count of number of months intervening between the end of the stage and the time of birth according to a reference model. Note that the first month of post-birth development has the value of 1 for this property, and the period during which the child is one month old has the value 2" .


bfo:RO_0002545 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Defines the start and end of a stage with a duration of 1 month, relative to either the time of fertilization or last menstrual period of the mother (to be clarified), counting from one, in terms of a reference model. Thus if month_of_gestation=3, then the stage is 2 month in." .


bfo:RO_0002546 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a stage class and an anatomical structure or developmental process class, in which the stage is characterized by the appearance of the structure or the occurrence of the biological process" .


bfo:RO_0002547 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Count of number of days intervening between the start of the stage and the time of coitum." .


bfo:RO_0002548 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Count of number of days intervening between the end of the stage and the time of coitum." .


bfo:RO_0002551 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Forelimb SubClassOf has_skeleton some 'Forelimb skeleton'" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a segment or subdivision of an organism and the maximal subdivision of material entities that provides structural support for that segment or subdivision." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "has supporting framework" .


bfo:RO_0002552 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p results in the end of s if p results in a change of state in s whereby s either ceases to exist, or s becomes functionally impaired or s has its fate committed such that it is put on a path to be degraded." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002553 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is a hyperparasite of y iff x is a parasite of a parasite of the target organism y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Note that parasite-of is a diret relationship, so hyperparasite-of is not considered a sub-relation, even though hyperparasitism can be considered a form of parasitism" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://eol.org/schema/terms/hyperparasitoidOf" ,
                               "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperparasite" ;
               oboInOwl:hasNarrowSynonym "hyperparasitoid of" ;
               oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "epiparasite of" .


bfo:RO_0002554 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of hyperparasite of" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "has epiparasite" ,
                                          "has hyperparasite" ,
                                          "hyperparasitoidized by" .


bfo:RO_0002555 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allelopathy" .


bfo:RO_0002556 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Inverse of has pathogen" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002557 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A host interaction where the smaller of the two members of a symbiosis causes a disease in the larger member" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002558 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of is evidence for" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25052702> .


bfo:RO_0002559 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002560 bfo:IAO_0000115 "If Rel is the relational form of a process Pr, then it follow that: Rel(x,y) <-> exists p : Pr(p), x subject-partner-in p, y object-partner-in p" .


bfo:RO_0002561 bfo:IAO_0000115 "If Rel is the relational form of a process Pr, then it follow that: Rel(x,y) <-> exists p : Pr(p), x partner-in p, y partner-in p" .


bfo:RO_0002562 bfo:IAO_0000115 "R is the relational form of a process if and only if either (1) R is the symmetric relational form of a process or (2) R is the asymmetric relational form of a process" .


bfo:RO_0002563 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002564 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002565 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between p and c when p is locomotion process and the outcome of this process is the change of location of c" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002566 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size)." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                               <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002567 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002568 bfo:IAO_0000115 "m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 has_muscle_insertion s, m2 has_muscle_insection s, m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "Wikipedia:Antagonist_(muscle)" .


bfo:RO_0002569 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of branching part of" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002570 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is a conduit for y iff y overlaps through the lumen_of of x, and y has parts on either side of the lumen of x." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "UBERON:cjm" .


bfo:RO_0002571 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x lumen_of y iff x is the space or substance that is part of y and does not cross any of the inner membranes or boundaries of y that is maximal with respect to the volume of the convex hull." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002572 bfo:IAO_0000115 "s is luminal space of x iff s is lumen_of x and s is an immaterial entity" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002573 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation that holds between an attribute or a qualifier and another attribute." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064205> .


bfo:RO_0002574 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002575 bfo:IAO_0000115 "relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 """The general property hierarchy is:

  \"directly P\" SubPropertyOf \"P\"
  Transitive(P)

Where we have an annotation assertion

  \"directly P\" \"is direct form of\" \"P\"""" .


bfo:RO_0002576 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of has skeleton" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002578 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002579 bfo:IAO_0000115 "relation p is the indirect form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, and there exists some p' such that p' is the direct form of q, p' o p' -> p, and forall x,y : x q y -> either (1) x p y or (2) x p' y" .


bfo:RO_0002581 bfo:IAO_0000115 "If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL" .


bfo:RO_0002582 bfo:IAO_0000115 "If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R." .


bfo:RO_0002583 bfo:IAO_0000115 "holds between x and y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: iff α(x) = ω(y)." .


bfo:RO_0002584 bfo:IAO_0000112 "gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell'" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> .


bfo:RO_0002585 bfo:IAO_0000116 "p 'results in closure of' c if and only if p is a developmental process and p results in a state of c changing from open to closed." .


bfo:RO_0002586 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p results in breakdown of c if and only if the execution of p leads to c no longer being present at the end of p" .


bfo:RO_0002589 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p results in catabolism of c if and only if p is a catabolic process, and the execution of p results in c being broken into smaller parts with energy being released." .


bfo:RO_0002592 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p results in organization of c iff p results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of c" .


bfo:RO_0002593 bfo:IAO_0000115 "holds between x and y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: iff ω(x) = α(y)." .


bfo:RO_0002594 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An annotation property that connects an object property to a class, where the object property is derived from or a shortcut property for the class. The exact semantics of this annotation may vary on a case by case basis." .


bfo:RO_0002595 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002596 bfo:IAO_0000112 "pyrethroid -> growth" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002597 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002598 bfo:IAO_0000112 "renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002599 bfo:IAO_0000112 "pazopanib -> pathological angiogenesis" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between a material entity c and a pathological process p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, where a inhibits p." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "treats" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0002599 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000118 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "treats" ;
   rdfs:comment "Usage of the term 'treats' applies when we believe there to be a an inhibitory relationship"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0002600 bfo:IAO_0000112 "benzene -> cancer [CHEBI]" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between a material entity c and a pathological process p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, where a negatively regulates p." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "causes disease" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002601 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A shortcut relationship that holds between two entities based on their identity criteria" .


bfo:RO_0002602 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A shortcut relationship between two entities x and y1, such that the intent is that the relationship is functional and inverse function, but there is no guarantee that this property holds." .


bfo:RO_0002603 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is approximately equivalent to y if it is the case that x is equivalent, identical or near-equivalent to y" .


bfo:RO_0002604 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'anterior end of organism' is-opposite-of 'posterior end of organism'" ,
                               "'increase in temperature' is-opposite-of 'decrease in temperature'" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is the opposite of y if there exists some distance metric M, and there exists no z such as M(x,z) <= M(x,y) or M(y,z) <= M(y,x)." .


bfo:RO_0002605 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x is indistinguishable from y if there exists some distance metric M, and there exists no z such as M(x,z) <= M(x,y) or M(y,z) <= M(y,x)." .


bfo:RO_0002606 bfo:IAO_0000115 "c is a substance that treats d if c is a material entity (such as a small molecule or compound) and d is a pathological process, phenotype or disease, and c is capable of some activity that negative regulates or decreases the magnitude of d." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "treats" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002607 bfo:IAO_0000115 "c is marker for d iff the presence or occurrence of d is correlated with the presence of occurrence of c, and the observation of c is used to infer the presence or occurrence of d. Note that this does not imply that c and d are in a direct causal relationship, as it may be the case that there is a third entity e that stands in a direct causal relationship with c and d." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "May be ceded to OBI" .


bfo:RO_0002608 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Inverse of 'causal agent in process'" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002609 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between two entities, where the relationship holds based on the presence or absence of statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes." .


bfo:RO_0002610 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between two entities, where the entities exhibit a statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes." .


bfo:RO_0002612 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a sentence and an instance of a piece of evidence in which the evidence supports the axiom" .


bfo:RO_0002613 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a sentence and an instance of a piece of evidence in which the evidence contradicts the axiom" .


bfo:RO_0002614 bfo:IAO_0000112 "An instance of a sequence similarity evidence (ECO:0000044) that uses a homologous sequence UniProtKB:P12345 as support." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a piece of evidence and an entity that plays a role in supporting that evidence." .


bfo:RO_0002615 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Inverse of is-model-of" .


bfo:RO_0002617 bfo:IAO_0000112 "In the context of a particular project, the IRI with CURIE NCBIGene:64327 (which in this example denotes a class) is considered to be representative. This means that if we have equivalent classes with IRIs OMIM:605522, ENSEMBL:ENSG00000105983, HGNC:13243 forming an equivalence set, the NCBIGene is considered the representative member IRI. Depending on the policies of the project, the classes may be merged, or the NCBIGene IRI may be chosen as the default in a user interface context." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "this property relates an IRI to the xsd boolean value \"True\" if the IRI is intended to be the representative IRI for a collection of classes that are mutually equivalent." .


bfo:RO_0002626 bfo:IAO_0000119 "https://github.com/jhpoelen/eol-globi-data/issues/143" .


bfo:RO_0002629 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002630 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/causal-relations> .


bfo:RO_0002632 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A sub-relation of parasite-of in which the parasite lives on or in the integumental system of the host" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitism#Types> .


bfo:RO_0002633 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of ectoparasite of" .


bfo:RO_0002634 bfo:IAO_0000119 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitism#Types> ,
                               "A sub-relation of parasite-of in which the parasite lives inside the host, beneath the integumental system" ;
               oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "lives inside of" .


bfo:RO_0002636 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A sub-relation of parasite-of in which the parasite is partially an endoparasite and partially an ectoparasite" .


bfo:RO_0002637 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of mesoparasite of" .


bfo:RO_0002638 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A sub-relation of endoparasite-of in which the parasite inhabits the spaces between host cells." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitism#Types> .


bfo:RO_0002639 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of intercellular endoparasite of" .


bfo:RO_0002640 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A sub-relation of endoparasite-of in which the parasite inhabits host cells." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitism#Types> .


bfo:RO_0002641 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of intracellular endoparasite of" .


bfo:RO_0002801 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Two or more individuals sharing the same roost site (cave, mine, tree or tree hollow, animal burrow, leaf tent, rock crack, space in man-made structure, etc.). Individuals that are sharing a communal roost may be said to be co-roosting. The roost may be either a day roost where the individuals rest during daytime hours, or a night roost where individuals roost to feed, groom, or rest in between flights and/or foraging bouts.  Communal roosting as thus defined is an umbrella term within which different specialized types -- which are not mutually exclusive -- may be recognized based on taxonomy and the temporal and spatial relationships of the individuals that are co-roosting."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communal_roosting> .


bfo:RO_0002802 bfo:IAO_0000112 "An individual of species Camelus dromedarius (commonly known as dromedary camels) is a reservoir host of an individual of Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) since at least the 1980s." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a host organism and a hosted organism in which the hosted organism naturally occurs in an indefinitely maintained reservoir provided by the host." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 <https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071356> .


bfo:RO_0002803 bfo:IAO_0000112 "An individual of Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has an individual of species Camelus dromedarius (commonly known as dromedary camels) as their reservoir host since at least the 1980s." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of reservoir host of" .


bfo:RO_0003000 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737> .


bfo:RO_0003001 bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000125 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737> .


bfo:RO_0003002 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between entity A (a transcription factor) and a nucleic acid B if and only if A down-regulates the expression of B. The nucleic acid can be a gene or an mRNA." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0003003 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between entity A (a transcription factor) and nucleic acid B if and only if A up-regulates the expression of B. The nucleic acid can be a gene or mRNA." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0003301 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a biological, experimental, or computational artifact and an entity it is used to study, in virtue of its replicating or approximating features of the studied entity." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1048-5019> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "is used to study"@en .


bfo:RO_0003302 bfo:IAO_0000112 """The genetic variant 'NM_007294.3(BRCA1):c.110C>A (p.Thr37Lys)' casues or contributes to the disease  'familial breast-ovarian cancer'.

An environment of exposure to arsenic causes or contributes to the phenotype of patchy skin hyperpigmentation, and the disease 'skin cancer'.""" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some causal or contributing role that influences the condition." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "Note that relationships of phenotypes to organisms/strains that bear them, or diseases they are manifest in, should continue to use RO:0002200 ! 'has phenotype' and RO:0002201 ! 'phenotype of'." .


bfo:RO_0003303 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some causal role for the condition." .


bfo:RO_0003304 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity has some contributing role that influences the condition." .


bfo:RO_0003305 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity influences the severity with which a condition manifests in an individual." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "contributes to expressivity of condition" .


bfo:RO_0003306 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the entity influences the frequency of the condition in a population." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "contributes to penetrance of condition" .


bfo:RO_0003307 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between an entity (e.g. a genotype, genetic variation, chemical, or environmental exposure) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the presence of the entity reduces or eliminates some or all aspects of the condition." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "is preventative for condition" .


bfo:RO_0003308 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between an entity and a condition (phenotype or disease) with which it exhibits a statistical dependence relationship." .


bfo:RO_0003309 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between an entity (e.g. a chemical, environmental exposure, or some form of genetic variation) and a condition (a phenotype or disease), where the presence of the entity worsens some or all aspects of the condition." .


bfo:RO_0003310 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a condition (a phenotype or disease) and an entity (e.g. a chemical, environmental exposure, or some form of genetic variation) where some or all aspects of the condition are reduced or eliminated by the presence of the entity." .


bfo:RO_0003311 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a condition (a phenotype or disease) and an entity (e.g. a chemical, environmental exposure, or some form of genetic variation) where some or all aspects of the condition are worsened by the presence of the entity." .


bfo:RO_0004007 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p 'has primary input ot output' c iff either (a) p 'has primary input' c or (b) p 'has primary output' c." .


bfo:RO_0004008 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0004008 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                      "GOC:dph" ,
                      "GOC:kva" ,
                      "GOC:pt" ;
   rdfs:comment "PMID:27812932"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0004009 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p has primary input c if (a) p has input c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, consume, or transform c." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0004009 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "p has primary input c if (a) p has input c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, consume, or transform c." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165> ,
                      "GOC:dph" ,
                      "GOC:kva" ,
                      "GOC:pt" ;
   rdfs:comment "PMID:27812932"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0004011 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relates a gene to condition, such that a mutation in this gene in a germ cell provides a new function of the corresponding product and that is sufficient to produce the condition and that can be passed on to offspring[modified from orphanet]." .


bfo:RO_0004012 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relates a gene to condition, such that a mutation in this gene in a germ cell impairs the function of the corresponding product and that is sufficient to produce the condition and that can be passed on to offspring[modified from orphanet]." .


bfo:RO_0004013 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relates a gene to condition, such that a mutation in this gene is sufficient to produce the condition and that can be passed on to offspring[modified from orphanet]." .


bfo:RO_0004014 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relates a gene to condition, such that a mutation in this gene is sufficient to produce the condition but that cannot be passed on to offspring[modified from orphanet]." .


bfo:RO_0004015 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relates a gene to condition, such that a mutation in this gene predisposes to the development of a condition  and that is necessary but not sufficient to develop the condition[modified from orphanet]." .


bfo:RO_0004016 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relates a gene to condition, such that a mutation in this gene partially contributes to the presentation of this condition[modified from orphanet]." .


bfo:RO_0004020 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation that holds between the disease and a material entity where the physical basis of the disease is a disorder of that material entity that affects its function." .


bfo:RO_0004021 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation that holds between the disease and a process where the physical basis of the disease disrupts execution of a key biological process." .


bfo:RO_0004022 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation that holds between the disease and a feature (a phenotype or other disease) where the physical basis of the disease is the feature." .


bfo:RO_0004024 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a disease and a process where the disease process disrupts the execution of the process." .


bfo:RO_0004026 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a disease and an anatomical entity where the disease has one or more features that are located in that entity." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "TODO: complete range axiom once more of CARO has been mireoted in to this ontology" .


bfo:RO_0004027 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a disease and an anatomical entity where the disease is triggered by an inflammatory response to stimuli occurring in the anatomical entity" .


bfo:RO_0004028 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M." .


bfo:RO_0004029 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a disease and some feature of that disease, where the feature is either a phenotype or an isolated disease." .


bfo:RO_0004030 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a disease and an anatomical structure where the material basis of the disease is some pathological change in the structure. Anatomical structure includes cellular and sub-cellular entities, such as chromosome and organelles." .


bfo:RO_0004031 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P." .


bfo:RO_0004034 bfo:IAO_0000115 "c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive" .


bfo:RO_0004035 bfo:IAO_0000115 "c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative" .


bfo:RO_0004036 bfo:IAO_0000115 "true if the two properties are disjoint, according to OWL semantics. This should only be used if using a logical axiom introduces a non-simple property violation." .


bfo:RO_0004048 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Used to annotate object properties representing a causal relationship where the value indicates a direction. Should be \"+\", \"-\" or \"0\"" .


bfo:RO_0007000 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between two entities, in which one of the entities is any natural or human-influenced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in the other entity." .


bfo:RO_0007001 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between an entity and a disease of a host, in which the entity is not part of the host itself, and the condition results in pathological processes." .


bfo:RO_0008501 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An interaction relationship wherein a plant or algae is living on the outside surface of another plant." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphyte" .


bfo:RO_0008502 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of epiphyte of" .


bfo:RO_0008503 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A sub-relation of parasite of in which a parasite steals resources from another organism, usually food or nest material" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleptoparasitism" .


bfo:RO_0008504 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of kleptoparasite of" .


bfo:RO_0008505 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An interaction relationship wherein one organism creates a structure or environment that is lived in by another organism." .


bfo:RO_0008506 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An interaction relationship describing organisms that often occur together at the same time and space or in the same environment." .


bfo:RO_0008507 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An interaction relationship in which organism a lays eggs on the outside surface of organism b. Organism b is neither helped nor harmed in the process of egg laying or incubation." .


bfo:RO_0008508 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of lays eggs on" .


bfo:RO_0008509 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Flying foxes (Pteropus giganteus) has_roost banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x 'has roost' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is a habitat, and y can support rest behaviors x." .


bfo:RO_0009001 bfo:IAO_0000112 "muffin 'has substance added' some 'baking soda'"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "\"has substance added\" is a relation existing between a (physical) entity and a substance in which the entity has had the substance added to it at some point in time."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "The relation X 'has substance added' some Y doesn't imply that X still has Y in any detectable fashion subsequent to the addition. Water in dehydrated food or ice cubes are examples, as is food that undergoes chemical transformation. This definition should encompass recipe ingredients."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165> .


bfo:RO_0009002 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'egg white' 'has substance removed' some 'egg yolk'"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "\"has substance removed\" is a relation existing between two physical entities in which the first entity has had the second entity (a substance) removed from it at some point in time."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165> .


bfo:RO_0009003 bfo:IAO_0000112 "sardines 'immersed in' some 'oil and mustard'"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "\"immersed in\" is a relation between a (physical) entity and a fluid substance in which the entity is wholely or substantially surrounded by the substance."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165> .


bfo:RO_0009004 bfo:IAO_0000112 "sardine has consumer some homo sapiens"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "'has consumer' is a relation between a material entity and an organism in which the former can normally be digested or otherwise absorbed by the latter without immediate or persistent ill effect."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165> .


bfo:RO_0009005 bfo:IAO_0000112 "bread 'has primary substance added' some 'flour'"@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000114 bfo:IAO_0000428 ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "'has primary substance added' indicates that an entity has had the given substance added to it in a proportion greater than any other added substance."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165> .


bfo:RO_0009006 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A mass measurement assay measures an material's mass characteristic. A radioactivity detection assay measures the amount of radiation (alpha, beta or gamma ray emmissions) coming from a material."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between an assay and a characteristic, in which the assay generates a data item which is a measure of a characteristic."@en .


bfo:RO_0009007 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Inverse of 'assay measures characteristic'"@en .


bfo:RO_0009501 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A drought sensitivity trait that inheres in a whole plant is realized in a systemic response process in response to exposure to drought conditions." ,
                               "An inflammatory disease that is realized in response to an inflammatory process occurring in the gut (which is itself the realization of a process realized in response to harmful stimuli in the mucosal lining of th gut)" ,
                               "Environmental polymorphism in butterflies: These butterflies have a 'responsivity to day length trait' that is realized in response to the duration of the day, and is realized in developmental processes that lead to increased or decreased pigmentation in the adult morph." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "triggered by process" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0009501 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "triggered by process" ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165>
 ] .


bfo:RO_0010001 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Genetic information generically depend on molecules of DNA." ,
                               "The novel *War and Peace* generically depends on this copy of the novel." ,
                               "The pattern shared by chess boards generically depends on any chess board." ,
                               "The score of a symphony g-depends on a copy of the score." ,
                               "This pdf file generically depends on this server." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A generically dependent continuant *b* generically depends on an independent continuant *c* at time *t* means: there inheres in *c* a specifically deendent continuant which concretizes *b* at *t*." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "[072-ISO]" ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "g-depends on" .


bfo:RO_0010002 bfo:IAO_0000112 "Molecules of DNA are carriers of genetic information." ,
                               "This copy of *War and Peace* is carrier of the novel written by Tolstoy." ,
                               "This hard drive is carrier of these data items." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "*b* is carrier of *c* at time *t* if and only if *c* *g-depends on* *b* at *t*" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "[072-ISO]" .


bfo:RO_0011002 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0011003 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The entity A has an activity that regulates the quantity or abundance or concentration of the entity B." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0011004 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The entity A is not immediately upstream of the entity B but A has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0011007 bfo:IAO_0000115 """The entity A has an activity that down-regulates by repression the quantity of B. The down-regulation is due to A having an effect on an intermediate entity (typically a DNA or mRNA element) which can produce B.

For example, protein A (transcription factor) indirectly decreases by repression the quantity of protein B (gene product) if and only if A negatively regulates the process of transcription or translation of a nucleic acid element that produces B.""" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0011008 bfo:IAO_0000115 """The entity A has an activity that up-regulates by expression the quantity of B. The up-regulation is due to A having an effect on an intermediate entity (typically a DNA or mRNA element) which can produce B.

For example, protein A (transcription factor) indirectly increases by expression the quantity of protein B (gene product) if and only if A positively regulates the process of transcription or translation of a nucleic acid element that produces B.""" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0011009 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The entity A has an activity that directly positively regulates the quantity of B." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0011010 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The entity A has an activity that directly negatively regulates the quantity of B." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0011013 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The entity A is not immediately upstream of the entity B and has an activity that up-regulates an activity performed by B." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "indirectly activates" .


bfo:RO_0011014 bfo:IAO_0000112 "AKT1 destabilizes quantity of FOXO (interaction from Signor database: SIGNOR-252844)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "An entity A directly interacts with B and A has an activity that decreases the amount of an entity B by degradating it." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0011015 bfo:IAO_0000112 "AKT1 stabilizes quantity of XIAP (interaction from Signor database: SIGNOR-119488)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "An entity A physically interacts with B and A has an activity that increases the amount of an entity B by stabilizing it." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0011016 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The entity A is not immediately upstream of the entity B and has an activity that down-regulates an activity performed by B." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "indirectly inhibits" .


bfo:RO_0011021 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The entity A, immediately upstream of B, has an activity that directly regulates the quantity of B." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0011022 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The entity A is not immediately upstream of the entity B, but A has an activity that regulates the quantity or abundance or concentration of B." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0011023 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The entity A does not physically interact with the entity B, and A has an activity that down-regulates the quantity or abundance or concentration of B." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0011024 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The entity A does not physically interact with the entity B, and A has an activity that up-regulates the quantity or abundance or concentration of B." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431> .


bfo:RO_0012000 bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the process is regulated by the small molecule continuant" .


bfo:RO_0012001 bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the process is activated by the small molecule continuant" .


bfo:RO_0012002 bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the process is inhibited by the small molecule continuant" .


bfo:RO_0012003 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p acts on population of c iff c' is a collection, has members of type c, and p has participant c" .


bfo:RO_0012004 bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is a small molecule that regulates the process" .


bfo:RO_0012005 bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is a small molecule that activates the process" .


bfo:RO_0012006 bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is a small molecule that inhibits the process" .


bfo:RO_0012007 bfo:IAO_0000115 "The relationship that links anatomical entities with a process that results in the adhesion of two or more entities via the non-covalent interaction of molecules expressed in, located in, and/or adjacent to, those entities." .


bfo:RO_0012009 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p is constitutively upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, p is required for execution of q or a part of q, and the execution of p is approximately constant." .


bfo:RO_0012010 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p removes input for q iff p is causally upstream of q, there exists some c such that p has_input c and q has_input c, p reduces the levels of c, and c is rate limiting for execution of q." .


bfo:RO_0012011 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q." .


bfo:RO_0012012 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q." .


bfo:RO_0012013 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x 'positively regulates in other organism' y if and only if: (x is the realization of a function to increase the frequency, rate or extent of y) AND (the agents of x are produced by organism o1 and the agents of y are produced by organism o2)." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "positively regulates in other organism" .


bfo:RO_0012014 bfo:IAO_0000115 "x 'negatively regulates in other organism' y if and only if: (x is the realization of a function to reduce the frequency, rate or extent of y) AND (the agents of x are produced by organism o1 and the agents of y are produced by organism o2)." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "negatively regulates in other organism" .


bfo:RO_0013001 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a neuron and a region, where the neuron has a functionally relevant number of input and/or output synapses in that region." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "has synaptic input or output in" .


bfo:RO_0013002 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a neuron and a region, where the neuron has a functionally relevant number of input synapses in that region." .


bfo:RO_0013003 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a neuron and a region, where the neuron has a functionally relevant number of output synapses in that region." .


bfo:RO_0013004 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a neuron and a region, where the neuron has a functionally relevant number of input and/or output synapses distributed throughout that region (rather than confined to a subregion)." .


bfo:RO_0013005 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a neuron and a region, where the neuron has a functionally relevant number of input synapses distributed throughout that region (rather than confined to a subregion)." .


bfo:RO_0013006 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a neuron and a region, where the neuron has a functionally relevant number output synapses distributed throughout that region (rather than confined to a subregion)." .


bfo:RO_0013007 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relation between a sensory neuron and some structure in which it receives sensory input via a sensory dendrite." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "has sensory dendrite location" ,
                                        "has sensory terminal in" ,
                                        "has sensory terminal location" .


bfo:RO_0013008 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that has a functionally relevant number of chemical synapses to it." .


bfo:RO_0013009 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a neuron and a cell that it has a functionally relevant number of chemical synapses to." .


bfo:RO_0014001 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a disease and an infectious agent where the material basis of the disease is an infection with some infectious agent." .


bfo:RO_0015001 bfo:IAO_0000112 "transcriptomically defined cell type X equivalent to ‘cell’ and (has_exemplar_data value [transcriptomic profile data])" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a material entity and some data in which the data is taken as exemplifying the material entity." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "C has_exemplar_data y iff x is an instance of C and y is data about x that is taken as exemplifying of C." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5260-9315> .


bfo:RO_0015002 bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5260-9315> .


bfo:RO_0015003 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a group and another group it is part of but does not fully constitute." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "X subcluster_of Y iff: X and Y are clusters/groups; X != Y; all members of X are also members of Y." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000117 <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7258-9596> .


bfo:RO_0015004 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'Lamp5-like Egln3_1 primary motor cortex GABAergic interneuron (Mus musculus)' subClass_of: has_characterizing_marker_set some 'NS forest marker set of Lamp5-like Egln3_1 MOp (Mouse).'; NS forest marker set of Lamp5-like Egln3_1 SubClass_of: ('has part' some 'Mouse Fbn2') and ('has part' some 'Mouse Chrna7') and ('has part' some 'Mouse Fam19a1')." ,
                               "transcriptomically defined cell type X subClass_of: (has_characterizing_marker_set some S1); S1 has_part some gene 1, S1 has_part some gene 2, S1 has_part some gene 3." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation that applies between a cell type and a set of markers that can be used to uniquely identify that cell type." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000116 "C has_characterizing_marker_set y iff: C is a cell type and y is a collection of genes or proteins whose expression is sufficient to distinguish cell type C from most or all other cell types." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "has marker gene combination" ,
                                        "has marker signature set" .


bfo:RO_0015006 bfo:IAO_0000115 "q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0015006 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0015007 bfo:IAO_0000115 "q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0015007 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0015008 bfo:IAO_0000115 "q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0015008 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0015009 bfo:IAO_0000115 "q1 similar_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0015009 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "q1 similar_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0015011 bfo:IAO_0000115 "s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0015011 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0015012 bfo:IAO_0000115 "q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0015012 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0015015 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'Ly-76 high positive erythrocyte' equivalent to 'enucleate erythrocyte' and (has_high_plasma_membrane_amount some 'lymphocyte antigen 76 (mouse)')" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a cell and molecule or complex such that every instance of the cell has a high number of instances of that molecule expressed on the cell surface." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0015015 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A relation between a cell and molecule or complex such that every instance of the cell has a high number of instances of that molecule expressed on the cell surface." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "PMID:19243617"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0015016 bfo:IAO_0000112 "'DN2b thymocyte' equivalent to 'DN2 thymocyte' and (has_low_plasma_membrane_amount some 'mast/stem cell growth factor receptor')" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a cell and molecule or complex such that every instance of the cell has a low number of instances of that molecule expressed on the cell surface." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0015016 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A relation between a cell and molecule or complex such that every instance of the cell has a low number of instances of that molecule expressed on the cell surface." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "PMID:19243617"
 ] .


bfo:RO_0016002 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between an organism and a disease. Here a disease is construed broadly as a disposition to undergo pathological processes that exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism." .


bfo:RO_0016004 bfo:IAO_0000115 "X has exposure medium Y if X is an exposure event (process), Y is a material entity, and the stimulus for X is transmitted or carried in Y." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000119 "ExO:0000083" .


bfo:RO_0017001 bfo:IAO_0000112 "A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y." ;
               oboInOwl:hasBroadSynonym "utilizes" .


bfo:RO_0017003 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between entities in which one increases or decreases as the other does the same."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "directly correlated with"@en .


bfo:RO_0017004 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between entities in which one increases as the other decreases."@en ;
               bfo:IAO_0000118 "inversely correlated with"@en .


bfo:RO_0017005 bfo:IAO_0000112 "anticoagulant-containing test tube contains measured amount 5 ml of blood specimen." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation between a container and measurement datum that specifies the actual amount of material in the container." .


bfo:RO_0017006 bfo:IAO_0000112 "anticoagulant-containing test tube has maximum capacity 10 ml." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relation that relates a container to a measurement datum that specifies the maximum capacity of the container. Capacity can refer to either weight or volume." .


bfo:RO_0017008 bfo:IAO_0000112 "biobank organization owns a specimen" ,
                               "hospital owns a laboratory facility" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A primitive relation that holds between entities x and y in which y is at x's full disposal." .


bfo:RO_0017009 bfo:IAO_0000112 "freezer is owned by a biobank organization" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Inverse of the owns relation." .


bfo:RO_0018001 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Helper relation for OWL definition of RO:0018002 myristoylates" .


bfo:RO_0018002 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A molecularly-interacts-with relationship between two entities, where the subject catalyzes a myristoylation activity that takes the object as input" .


bfo:RO_0018003 bfo:IAO_0000115 "inverse of myristoylates" .


bfo:RO_0018027 bfo:IAO_0000112 "mibolerone (CHEBI:34849) is agonist of androgen receptor (PR:P10275)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a ligand (material entity) and a receptor (material entity) that implies the binding of the ligand to the receptor activates some activity of the receptor" .


bfo:RO_0018028 bfo:IAO_0000112 "pimavanserin (CHEBI:133017) is inverse agonist of HTR2A (PR:P28223)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a ligand (material entity) and a receptor (material entity) that implies the binding of the ligand to the receptor inhibits some activity of the receptor to below basal level" .


bfo:RO_0018029 bfo:IAO_0000112 "tretinoin (CHEBI:15367) is antagonist of Nuclear receptor ROR-beta (PR:Q92753)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a ligand (material entity) and a receptor (material entity) that implies the binding of the ligand to the receptor reduces some activity of the receptor to basal level" .


bfo:RO_0018031 bfo:IAO_0000112 "pyruvate anion (CHEBI:15361) is the conjugate base of the neutral pyruvic acid (CHEBI:32816)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A is a direct conjugate base of B if and only if A is chemical entity that is a Brønsted–Lowry Base (i.e., can receive a proton) and by receiving a particular proton transforms it into B." .


bfo:RO_0018032 bfo:IAO_0000112 "neutral pyruvic acid (CHEBI:32816) is the conjugate acid of the pyruvate anion (CHEBI:15361)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "A is a direct conjugate acid of B if and only if A is chemical entity that is a Brønsted–Lowry Acid (i.e., can give up a proton) and by removing a particular proton transforms it into B." .


bfo:RO_0018033 bfo:IAO_0000112 "(E)-cinnamoyl-CoA(4-) (CHEBI:57252) is a deprotonated form (E)-cinnamoyl-CoA (CHEBI:10956), which involves removing four protons." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 """A is a deprotonated form of B if and only if A is chemical entity that is a Brønsted–Lowry Base (i.e., can receive a proton) and by adding some nonzero number of protons transforms it into B.

This is a transitive relationship and follows this design pattern: https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/direct-and-indirect-relations.""" .


bfo:RO_0018034 bfo:IAO_0000112 "(E)-cinnamoyl-CoA (CHEBI:10956) is a protonated form of (E)-cinnamoyl-CoA(4-) (CHEBI:57252), which involves adding four protons." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 """A is a protonated form of B if and only if A is chemical entity that is a Brønsted–Lowry Acid (i.e., can give up a proton) and by removing some nonzero number of protons transforms it into B.

This is a transitive relationship and follows this design pattern: https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/direct-and-indirect-relations.""" .


bfo:RO_0018035 bfo:IAO_0000112 "phenol (CHEBI:15882) and aniline (CHEBI:17296) are matched molecular pairs because they differ by one chemical transformation i.e., the replacement of aryl primary amine with aryl primary alcohol." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 """A and B are a matched small molecular pair (MMP) if their chemical structures define by a single, relatively small, well-defined structural modification.

While this is normally called \"matched molecular pair\" in the cheminformatics literaturel, it is labeled as \"matched small molecular pair\" so as to reduce confusion with peptides and other macromolecules, which are also referenced as \"molecules\" in some contexts.

This relationship is symmetric, meaning if A is a MMP with B iff B is a MMP with A.

This relationship is not transitive, meaning that A is a MMP with B and B is a MMP with C, then A is not necessarily an MMP with C.""" ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "is MMP with" ,
                                        "is matched molecular pair with" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0018035 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget """A and B are a matched small molecular pair (MMP) if their chemical structures define by a single, relatively small, well-defined structural modification.

While this is normally called \"matched molecular pair\" in the cheminformatics literaturel, it is labeled as \"matched small molecular pair\" so as to reduce confusion with peptides and other macromolecules, which are also referenced as \"molecules\" in some contexts.

This relationship is symmetric, meaning if A is a MMP with B iff B is a MMP with A.

This relationship is not transitive, meaning that A is a MMP with B and B is a MMP with C, then A is not necessarily an MMP with C.""" ;
   terms:source <https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.21045> ,
                <https://doi.org/10.1021/jm200452d> ,
                <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matched_molecular_pair_analysis>
 ] .


bfo:RO_0018036 bfo:IAO_0000112 "3-carboxy-3-mercaptopropanoate (CHEBI:38707) is tautomer of 1,2-dicarboxyethanethiolate (CHEBI:38709) because 3-carboxy-3-mercaptopropanoate is deprotonated on the carboxylic acid whereas 1,2-dicarboxyethanethiolate is deprotonated on the secondary thiol." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 """Two chemicals are tautomers if they can be readily interconverted.

This commonly refers to prototropy in which a hydrogen's position is changed, such as between ketones and enols. This is also often observed in heterocyclic rings, e.g., ones containing nitrogens and/or have aryl functional groups containing heteroatoms.""" ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "is desmotrope of" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0018036 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000112 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "3-carboxy-3-mercaptopropanoate (CHEBI:38707) is tautomer of 1,2-dicarboxyethanethiolate (CHEBI:38709) because 3-carboxy-3-mercaptopropanoate is deprotonated on the carboxylic acid whereas 1,2-dicarboxyethanethiolate is deprotonated on the secondary thiol." ;
   rdfs:seeAlso bfo:CHEBI_38707 ,
                bfo:CHEBI_38709
 ] .


bfo:RO_0018037 bfo:IAO_0000112 "carboxylatoacetyl group (CHEBI:58957) is substituent group from malonate(1-) (CHEBI:30795)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Group A is a substituent group from Chemical B if A represents the functional part of A and includes information about where it is connected. A is not itself a chemical with a fully formed chemical graph, but is rather a partial graph with one or more connection points that can be used to attach to another chemical graph, typically as a functionalization." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0018037 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000112 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "carboxylatoacetyl group (CHEBI:58957) is substituent group from malonate(1-) (CHEBI:30795)" ;
   rdfs:seeAlso bfo:CHEBI_30795 ,
                bfo:CHEBI_58957
 ] .


bfo:RO_0018038 bfo:IAO_0000112 "hydrocortamate hydrochloride (CHEBI:50854) has parent hydride hydrocortamate (CHEBI:50851)" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 """Chemical A has functional parent Chemical B if there is chemical transformation through which chemical B can be produced from chemical A. 

For example, the relationship between a salt and a freebased compound is a \"has functional parent\" relationship.""" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0018038 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000112 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "hydrocortamate hydrochloride (CHEBI:50854) has parent hydride hydrocortamate (CHEBI:50851)" ;
   rdfs:seeAlso bfo:CHEBI_50851 ,
                bfo:CHEBI_50854
 ] .


bfo:RO_0018039 bfo:IAO_0000112 "dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (CHEBI:31472) is enantiomer of levomedetomidine hydrochloride (CHEBI:48557) because the stereochemistry of the central chiral carbon is swapped." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 """Chemicals A and B are enantiomers if they share the same molecular graph except the change of the configuration of substituents around exactly one chiral center.

A chemical with no chiral centers can not have an enantiomer. A chemical with multiple chiral centers can have multiple enantiomers, but its enantiomers are not themselves enantiomers (they are diastereomers).""" ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "is optical isomer of" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0018039 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000112 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (CHEBI:31472) is enantiomer of levomedetomidine hydrochloride (CHEBI:48557) because the stereochemistry of the central chiral carbon is swapped." ;
   rdfs:comment bfo:CHEBI_48557 ;
   rdfs:seeAlso bfo:CHEBI_31472
 ] .


bfo:RO_0018040 bfo:IAO_0000112 "pyranine (CHEBI:52083) has parent hydride pyrene (CHEBI:39106). Pyrene is molecule with four fused benzene rings, whereas pyranine has the same core ring structure with additional sulfates." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "Chemical A has parent hydride Chemical B if there exists a molecular graphical transformation where functional groups on A are replaced with hydrogens in order to yield B." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_0018040 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000112 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "pyranine (CHEBI:52083) has parent hydride pyrene (CHEBI:39106). Pyrene is molecule with four fused benzene rings, whereas pyranine has the same core ring structure with additional sulfates." ;
   rdfs:seeAlso bfo:CHEBI_39106 ,
                bfo:CHEBI_52083
 ] .


bfo:RO_0019000 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C." .


bfo:RO_0019001 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C." .


bfo:RO_0019002 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C." .


bfo:RO_0019501 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relates a gene to condition, such that a variation in this gene predisposes to the development of a condition." .


bfo:RO_0020101 bfo:IAO_0000112 "brachial artery vessel supplies blood to brachialis muscle" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x vessel supplies blood to y if and only if x is a vessel that supplies blood directly or indirectly to an anatomical structure y." .


bfo:RO_0020102 bfo:IAO_0000112 "cystic vein vessel drains blood from gallbladder" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x vessel drains blood from y if and only if x is a vessel that drains blood directly or indirectly from an anatomical structure y." .


bfo:RO_0020103 bfo:IAO_0000112 "alveolar capillary directly supplies and drains some alveolus" ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "x directly supplies and drains y if and only if x is a capillary, y is an anatomical entity, and x directly supplies and drains y." .


bfo:RO_0020202 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a ratio or proportion and its dividend." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "has dividend" .


bfo:RO_0020203 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A relationship between a ratio or proportion and its divisor." ;
               oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "has divisor" .


bfo:RO_0040035 bfo:IAO_0000115 "This relation groups  relations between diseases and any other kind of entity." .


bfo:RO_0040036 bfo:IAO_0000115 "p has anatomical participant c iff p has participant c, and c is an anatomical entity" .


bfo:RO_0040042 bfo:IAO_0000112 "part-of is homeomorphic for independent continuants." ;
               bfo:IAO_0000115 "R is homemorphic for C iff (1) there exists some x,y such that x R y, and x and y instantiate C and (2) for all x, if x is an instance of C, and there exists some y some such that x R y, then it follows that y is an instance of C." .


bfo:RO_HOM0000000 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Relation between biological objects that resemble or are related to each other sufficiently to warrant a comparison." ;
                  bfo:IAO_0000116 "TODO: Add homeomorphy axiom" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "sameness" ,
                                           "similar to" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "correspondence" ,
                                             "resemblance" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000000 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Relation between biological objects that resemble or are related to each other sufficiently to warrant a comparison." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000000 ,
                      "BGEE:curator"
 ] .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000000 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "correspondence" ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02814479>
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000001 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Similarity that results from common evolutionary origin." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "homologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000001 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Similarity that results from common evolutionary origin." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950180611> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051730307> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02814480> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000001
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000002 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Similarity that results from independent evolution." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "homoplasous to" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "analogy" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000002 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Similarity that results from independent evolution." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.010> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000002
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000003 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Similarity that is characterized by the organization of anatomical structures through the expression of homologous or identical patterning genes." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "homocracous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000003 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Similarity that is characterized by the organization of anatomical structures through the expression of homologous or identical patterning genes." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02814484> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00427-003-0301-4> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-2-15> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000003
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000004 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Homoplasy that involves different underlying mechanisms or structures." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "analogy" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000004 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Homoplasy that involves different underlying mechanisms or structures." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.010> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000004
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000005 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Homoplasy that involves homologous underlying mechanisms or structures." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "parallel evolution" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000005 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Homoplasy that involves homologous underlying mechanisms or structures." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.010> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000005
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000006 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Homology that is defined by similarity with regard to selected structural parameters." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "structural homologous to" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "idealistic homology" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000006 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Homology that is defined by similarity with regard to selected structural parameters." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.014> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.000411> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000006 ,
                      "ISBN:0123195837"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000007 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Homology that is defined by common descent." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasBroadSynonym "homology" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "cladistic homology" ,
                                           "historical homologous to" ,
                                           "phylogenetic homology" ,
                                           "taxic homology" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "true homology" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000007 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Homology that is defined by common descent." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01125-7> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000007 ,
                      "ISBN:0123195837"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000008 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Homology that is defined by sharing of a set of developmental constraints, caused by locally acting self-regulatory mechanisms of differentiation, between individualized parts of the phenotype." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "biological homologous to" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "transformational homology" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000008 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Homology that is defined by sharing of a set of developmental constraints, caused by locally acting self-regulatory mechanisms of differentiation, between individualized parts of the phenotype." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01125-7> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.000411> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000008
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000009 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Homoplasy that involves phenotypes similar to those seen in ancestors within the lineage." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "atavism" ,
                                           "rudiment" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "reversion" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000009 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Homoplasy that involves phenotypes similar to those seen in ancestors within the lineage." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.010> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000009
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000010 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Structural homology that is detected by similarity in content and organization between chromosomes." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "syntenic homologous to" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "synteny" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000010 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Structural homology that is detected by similarity in content and organization between chromosomes." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000010 ,
                      "MeSH:Synteny"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000011 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that involves genes that diverged after a duplication event." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "paralogous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000011 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that involves genes that diverged after a duplication event." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02005-9> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000011 ,
                      <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5449325>
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000012 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Paralogy that involves sets of syntenic blocks." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "syntenic paralogous to" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "duplicon" ,
                                             "paralogon" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000012 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Paralogy that involves sets of syntenic blocks." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-7-100> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000012 ,
                      "DOI:10.1002/1097-010X(20001215)288:4<345::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-Y"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000013 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Syntenic homology that involves chromosomes of different species." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "syntenic orthologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000013 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Syntenic homology that involves chromosomes of different species." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.6380007> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000013
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000014 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Structural homology that involves complex structures from which only a fraction of the elements that can be isolated are separately homologous." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "fractional homology" ,
                                           "partial homologous to" ,
                                           "segmental homology" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "mixed homology" ,
                                             "modular homology" ,
                                             "partial correspondence" ,
                                             "percent homology" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000014 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Structural homology that involves complex structures from which only a fraction of the elements that can be isolated are separately homologous." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000014 ,
                      "ISBN:0123195837" ,
                      "ISBN:978-0471984931"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000015 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Structural homology that is detected at the level of the 3D protein structure, but maybe not at the level of the amino acid sequence." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "protein structural homologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000015 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Structural homology that is detected at the level of the 3D protein structure, but maybe not at the level of the amino acid sequence." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(76)90195-9> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000015
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000016 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Structural homology that involves a pseudogenic feature and its functional ancestor." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasBroadSynonym "pseudogene" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "non functional homologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000016 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Structural homology that involves a pseudogenic feature and its functional ancestor." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000016 ,
                      "SO:non_functional_homolog_of"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000017 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that involves genes that diverged after a speciation event." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "orthologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000017 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that involves genes that diverged after a speciation event." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02814484> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02005-9> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000017 ,
                      <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5449325>
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000018 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that is characterized by an interspecies (horizontal) transfer since the common ancestor." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "xenologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000018 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that is characterized by an interspecies (horizontal) transfer since the common ancestor." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02005-9> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000018
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000019 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that involves two members sharing no other homologs in the lineages considered." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "1 to 1 homologous to" ,
                                           "1:1 homology" ,
                                           "one-to-one homology" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000019 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that involves two members sharing no other homologs in the lineages considered." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000019 ,
                      "BGEE:curator"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000020 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Orthology that involves two genes that did not experience any duplication after the speciation event that created them." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "1 to 1 orthologous to" ,
                                           "1:1 orthology" ,
                                           "one-to-one orthology" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000020 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Orthology that involves two genes that did not experience any duplication after the speciation event that created them." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02814484> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000020 ,
                      <http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/compara/homology_method.html>
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000022 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Paralogy that results from a whole genome duplication event." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "ohnologous to" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "homoeology" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000022 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Paralogy that results from a whole genome duplication event." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/75560> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000022
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000023 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Paralogy that results from a lineage-specific duplication subsequent to a given speciation event." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "in-paralogous to" ,
                                           "inparalogy" ,
                                           "symparalogy" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000023 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Paralogy that results from a lineage-specific duplication subsequent to a given speciation event." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000023
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000024 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Paralogy that results from a duplication preceding a given speciation event." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "alloparalogy" ,
                                           "out-paralogous to" ,
                                           "outparalogy" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000024 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Paralogy that results from a duplication preceding a given speciation event." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000024
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000025 bfo:IAO_0000115 "1:many orthology that involves a gene in species A and one of its ortholog in species B, when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in species B but not in species A." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "pro-orthologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000025 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "1:many orthology that involves a gene in species A and one of its ortholog in species B, when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in species B but not in species A." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/scdb.1999.0338> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg2099> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000025
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000026 bfo:IAO_0000115 "1:many orthology that involves a gene in species A and its ortholog in species B, when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in species A but not in species B." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "semi-orthologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000026 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "1:many orthology that involves a gene in species A and its ortholog in species B, when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in species A but not in species B." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/scdb.1999.0338> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg2099> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000026
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000027 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Iterative homology that involves structures arranged along the main body axis." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "serial homologous to" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "homonomy" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000027 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Iterative homology that involves structures arranged along the main body axis." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.000411> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000027
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000028 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Biological homology that is characterized by changes, over evolutionary time, in the rate or timing of developmental events of homologous structures." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "heterochronous homologous to" ,
                                           "heterochrony" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000028 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Biological homology that is characterized by changes, over evolutionary time, in the rate or timing of developmental events of homologous structures." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000028 ,
                      "ISBN:978-0674639416"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000029 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Heterochronous homology that is produced by a retention in adults of a species of traits previously seen only in juveniles." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "juvenification" ,
                                           "pedomorphosis" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000029 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Heterochronous homology that is produced by a retention in adults of a species of traits previously seen only in juveniles." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedomorphosis> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000029 ,
                      "ISBN:978-0674639416"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000030 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Heterochronous homology that is produced by a maturation of individuals of a species past adulthood, which take on hitherto unseen traits." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000030 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Heterochronous homology that is produced by a maturation of individuals of a species past adulthood, which take on hitherto unseen traits." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peramorphosis> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000030
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000031 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Paedomorphosis that is produced by precocious sexual maturation of an organism still in a morphologically juvenile stage." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000031 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Paedomorphosis that is produced by precocious sexual maturation of an organism still in a morphologically juvenile stage." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progenesis> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000031 ,
                      "ISBN:978-0674639416"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000032 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Paedomorphosis that is produced by a retardation of somatic development." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "juvenilization" ,
                                           "neotenous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000032 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Paedomorphosis that is produced by a retardation of somatic development." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoteny> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000032 ,
                      "ISBN:978-0674639416"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000033 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Convergence that results from co-evolution usually involving an evolutionary arms race." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "mimicrous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000033 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Convergence that results from co-evolution usually involving an evolutionary arms race." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimicry> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000033
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000034 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Orthology that involves two genes when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in one species but not the other." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "1 to many orthologous to" ,
                                           "1:many orthology" ,
                                           "one-to-many orthology" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "co-orthology" ,
                                             "many to 1 orthology" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000034 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Orthology that involves two genes when duplications more recent than the species split have occurred in one species but not the other." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415741a> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000034 ,
                      <http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/compara/homology_method.html>
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000036 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that involves two members of a larger set of homologs." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "many to many homologous to" ,
                                           "many-to-many homology" ,
                                           "many:many homology " .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000036 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that involves two members of a larger set of homologs." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp002> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000036
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000037 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that involves a structure that has no other homologs in the species in which it is defined, and several homologous structures in another species." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "1 to many homologous to" ,
                                           "one-to-many homology" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "1:many homology" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000037 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that involves a structure that has no other homologs in the species in which it is defined, and several homologous structures in another species." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000037 ,
                      "BGEE:curator"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000042 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that is based on recent shared ancestry, characterizing a monophyletic group." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "apomorphous to" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "synapomorphy" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000042 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that is based on recent shared ancestry, characterizing a monophyletic group." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000042 ,
                      "ISBN:978-0252068140"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000043 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that is based on distant shared ancestry." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "plesiomorphous to" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "symplesiomorphy" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000043 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that is based on distant shared ancestry." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000043 ,
                      "ISBN:978-0252068140"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000044 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Homocracy that involves morphologically and phylogenetically disparate structures that are the result of parallel evolution." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "deep genetic homology" ,
                                           "deep homologous to" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "generative homology" ,
                                             "homoiology" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000044 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Homocracy that involves morphologically and phylogenetically disparate structures that are the result of parallel evolution." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02814485> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07891> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000044
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000045 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that is characterized by topological discordance between a gene tree and a species tree attributable to the phylogenetic sorting of genetic polymorphisms across successive nodes in a species tree." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "hemiplasous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000045 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that is characterized by topological discordance between a gene tree and a species tree attributable to the phylogenetic sorting of genetic polymorphisms across successive nodes in a species tree." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0807433105> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000045
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000046 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that involves not recombining and subsequently differentiated sex chromosomes." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "gametologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000046 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that involves not recombining and subsequently differentiated sex chromosomes." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000046 ,
                      <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11110898>
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000047 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that involves the chromosomes able to pair (synapse) during meiosis." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "chromosomal homologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000047 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that involves the chromosomes able to pair (synapse) during meiosis." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000047 ,
                      "ISBN:0195307615"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000048 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Orthology that involves two genes that experienced duplications more recent than the species split that created them." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "many to many orthologous to" ,
                                           "many-to-many orthology" ,
                                           "many:many orthology" ,
                                           "trans-orthology" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "co-orthology" ,
                                             "trans-homology" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000048 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Orthology that involves two genes that experienced duplications more recent than the species split that created them." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415741a> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000048 ,
                      <http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/compara/homology_method.html>
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000049 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Paralogy that involves genes from the same species." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "within-species paralogous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000049 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Paralogy that involves genes from the same species." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000049 ,
                      <http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/compara/homology_method.html>
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000050 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Paralogy that involves genes from different species." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "between-species paralogous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000050 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Paralogy that involves genes from different species." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000050 ,
                      <http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/compara/homology_method.html>
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000051 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Paedomorphosis that is produced by delayed growth of immature structures into the adult form." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "post-displacement" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000051 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Paedomorphosis that is produced by delayed growth of immature structures into the adult form." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedomorphosis> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000051
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000052 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Peramorphosis that is produced by a delay in the offset of development." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000052 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Peramorphosis that is produced by a delay in the offset of development." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peramorphosis> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000052 ,
                      "ISBN:978-0674639416"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000053 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Xenology that results, not from the transfer of a gene between two species, but from a hybridization of two species." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "synologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000053 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Xenology that results, not from the transfer of a gene between two species, but from a hybridization of two species." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173425> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02005-9> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000053
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000054 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Orthology that involves functional equivalent genes with retention of the ancestral function." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "isoorthologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000054 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Orthology that involves functional equivalent genes with retention of the ancestral function." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02005-9> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000054
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000055 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Paralogy that is characterized by duplication of adjacent sequences on a chromosome segment." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "tandem paralogous to" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "iterative paralogy" ,
                                             "serial paralogy" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000055 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Paralogy that is characterized by duplication of adjacent sequences on a chromosome segment." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02005-9> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000055 ,
                      "ISBN:978-0878932665"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000057 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Parallelism that involves morphologically very similar structures, occurring only within some members of a taxon and absent in the common ancestor (which possessed the developmental basis to develop this character)." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "apomorphic tendency" ,
                                           "cryptic homology" ,
                                           "latent homologous to" ,
                                           "underlying synapomorphy" ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "homoiology" ,
                                             "homoplastic tendency" ,
                                             "re-awakening" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000057 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Parallelism that involves morphologically very similar structures, occurring only within some members of a taxon and absent in the common ancestor (which possessed the developmental basis to develop this character)." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02814485> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.010> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-2-15> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000057 ,
                      "ISBN:0199141118"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000058 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Homocracy that involves recognizably corresponding characters that occurs in two or more taxa, or as a repeated unit within an individual." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "generative homology" ,
                                           "syngenous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000058 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Homocracy that involves recognizably corresponding characters that occurs in two or more taxa, or as a repeated unit within an individual." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-2-15> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000058 ,
                      "DOI:10.1002/1521-1878(200009)22:9<846::AID-BIES10>3.0.CO;2-R"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000060 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Between-species paralogy that involves single copy paralogs resulting from reciprocal gene loss." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "1:1 paralogy" ,
                                           "apparent 1:1 orthology" ,
                                           "apparent orthologous to" ,
                                           "pseudoorthology" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000060 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Between-species paralogy that involves single copy paralogs resulting from reciprocal gene loss." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000060 ,
                      <http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/compara/homology_method.html>
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000061 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Xenology that involves genes that ended up in a given genome as a result of a combination of vertical inheritance and horizontal gene transfer." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "pseudoparalogous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000061 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Xenology that involves genes that ended up in a given genome as a result of a combination of vertical inheritance and horizontal gene transfer." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.39.073003.114725> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000061
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000062 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that involves functional equivalent genes with retention of the ancestral function." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "equivalogous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000062 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that involves functional equivalent genes with retention of the ancestral function." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkl1043> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000062
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000063 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that involves orthologous pairs of interacting molecules in different organisms." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "interologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000063 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that involves orthologous pairs of interacting molecules in different organisms." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.1774904> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5450.116> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000063
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000065 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Similarity that is characterized by interchangeability in function." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "functional similarity" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000065 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Similarity that is characterized by interchangeability in function." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02814484> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415741a> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000065
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000066 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Biological homology that involves parts of the same organism." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "iterative homologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000066 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Biological homology that involves parts of the same organism." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.000411> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000066
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000068 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Xenology that is characterized by multiple horizontal transfer events, resulting in the presence of two or more copies of the foreign gene in the host genome." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "duplicate xenology" ,
                                           "multiple xenology" ,
                                           "paraxenologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000068 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Xenology that is characterized by multiple horizontal transfer events, resulting in the presence of two or more copies of the foreign gene in the host genome." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000068 ,
                      <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3065587>
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000069 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Paralogy that is characterized by extra similarity between paralogous sequences resulting from concerted evolution." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "plerologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000069 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Paralogy that is characterized by extra similarity between paralogous sequences resulting from concerted evolution." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref bfo:HOM_0000069 ,
                      <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3065587>
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000071 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Structural homology that involves structures with the same or similar relative positions." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "homotopous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000071 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Structural homology that involves structures with the same or similar relative positions." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02814484> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02814485> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000071 ,
                      "ISBN:0123195837"
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000072 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Biological homology that involves an ectopic structure and the normally positioned structure." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "heterotopy" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000072 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Biological homology that involves an ectopic structure and the normally positioned structure." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02814485> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.030> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000072
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000073 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Synology that results from allopolyploidy." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "homoeologous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000073 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Synology that results from allopolyploidy." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0505156102> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000073
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000074 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Iterative homology that involves two structures, one of which originated as a duplicate of the other and co-opted the expression of patterning genes of the ancestral structure." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasRelatedSynonym "axis paramorphism" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000074 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Iterative homology that involves two structures, one of which originated as a duplicate of the other and co-opted the expression of patterning genes of the ancestral structure." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10441-007-9023-8> ,
                      <http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00054.x> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000074
 ] .


bfo:RO_HOM0000075 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Historical homology that involves orthologous pairs of transcription factors and downstream regulated genes in different organisms." ;
                  oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "regulogous to" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:RO_HOM0000075 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Historical homology that involves orthologous pairs of transcription factors and downstream regulated genes in different organisms." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref <http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.1774904> ,
                      bfo:HOM_0000075
 ] .


bfo:UBERON_0000122 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses." ;
                   oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "funiculus" ,
                                            "nerve fiber bundle" ,
                                            "neural fiber bundle" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:UBERON_0000122 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "CARO:0001001" ,
                      "FBC:DOS" ,
                      "FBbt:00005099"
 ] .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:UBERON_0000122 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "nerve fiber bundle" ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "FBbt:00005099"
 ] .


bfo:UBERON_0000466 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Anatomical entity that has no mass." ;
                   oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "immaterial physical anatomical entity" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:UBERON_0000466 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Anatomical entity that has no mass." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737"
 ] .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:UBERON_0000466 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "immaterial physical anatomical entity" ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "FMA:67112"
 ] .


bfo:UBERON_0001062 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species." .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:UBERON_0001062 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "FMA:62955" ,
                      "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737"
 ] .


bfo:UBERON_0001981 bfo:IAO_0000115 "A vessel through which blood circulates in the body." ;
                   bfo:IAO_0000116 "consider adopting the EMAPA superclass 'vascular element', which includes microvasculature (e.g. capillaries), vascular plexus" ;
                   oboInOwl:hasBroadSynonym "vascular element" ;
                   oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "region of vascular tree organ" ,
                                            "vascular tree organ region" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:UBERON_0001981 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "A vessel through which blood circulates in the body." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "BTO:0001102" ,
                      "Wikipedia:Blood_vessel"
 ] .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:UBERON_0001981 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty oboInOwl:hasBroadSynonym ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "vascular element" ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "EMAPA:35993"
 ] .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:UBERON_0001981 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "region of vascular tree organ" ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "FMA:50722"
 ] .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:UBERON_0001981 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "vascular tree organ region" ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "FMA:50722"
 ] .


bfo:UBERON_0001982 bfo:IAO_0000115 "Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules." ;
                   bfo:IAO_0000116 "not all sources agree capillary is a blood vessel - consider adopting EMAPA superclass of vascular element" ;
                   oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "blood capillary" ,
                                            "capillary vessel" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:UBERON_0001982 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "ISBN:0073040584" ,
                      "Wikipedia:Capillary" ,
                      "https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/137"
 ] .


bfo:UBERON_0010000 bfo:IAO_0000115 "An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part." ;
                   oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym "multicellular structure" .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:UBERON_0010000 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty bfo:IAO_0000115 ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part." ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "CARO:0010000"
 ] .

[ rdf:type owl:Axiom ;
   owl:annotatedSource bfo:UBERON_0010000 ;
   owl:annotatedProperty oboInOwl:hasExactSynonym ;
   owl:annotatedTarget "multicellular structure" ;
   oboInOwl:hasDbXref "FBbt:00100313"
 ] .


###  Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.25.2023-02-15T19:15:49Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi